Term
| Neutrophilia hematologic data |
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Definition
| 7 x 103/uL, or less than 7000 cells/uL |
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Term
| Common disorders associated with neutrophilia |
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Definition
| bacterial infection, severe infections, fungal, rickettsial, parasitic infections, viral infections (occasional), tissue destruction due to necrosis, inflammation (RA, Rheumatic fever, gout, nephritis, colitis, pancreatitis) |
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Term
| Quantitative neutrophil response to acute bacterial infections |
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Definition
| neutrophils can range from 7.0- 70 x 103/uL, usually between 10-25 x 103/uL |
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Term
| Qualitative neutrophil response to acute bacterial infections |
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Definition
| shift to the left due to increased flow of PMNs from BM storage pool to PB, young cells in PB |
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Term
| Immature granulocytes associated with reactive neutrophilia |
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Definition
| young cells, shift left, bands, metas, occasionally myelos |
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Term
| Morphologic changes associated with reactive neutrophilia |
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Definition
| toxic changes like toxic granulation, Döhle bodies and vacuolization |
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Term
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Definition
| extreme neutrophilic reaction to severe infections, necrotizing tissue characterized by benign leukocyte proliferation. See left shift and a white count below 50 x 103/uL |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with chronic neoplastic myeloproliferative disorder (myelofibrosis or myelophthisis), characterized by the presence of nRBCs and neutrophilic shift to the left, total neutrophil count can be increased or decreased or normal, RBC anisocytosis and poikilocytosis (teardrop cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristic of dying cells, nuclear chromatin condenses and becomes structure less and segments disappear becoming smooth, dark-staining spheres |
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Term
| Leukemoid reaction v. CML |
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Definition
| Leukemoid reaction is transient neutrophilia with a normal karyotype and elevated LAP scores and CML has the Philadelphia chromosomal mutation, decreased LAP scored and flow cytometry markers |
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Term
| Neutropenia hematologic data |
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Definition
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Term
| Common disorders associated with neutropenia |
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Definition
| infections, radiation, drugs, hematologic disorders, allo/auto antibodies, hereditary disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| EDTA induced neutrophil adherence to erythrocytes, disintegration of neutrophils over time prior to testing, disruption of abnormally fragile leukocytes during preparation of blood, neutrophil aggregation |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased segmentation of nuclear of granulocytes with condensation of nuclear chromatin (monolobe = homo, bilobe = hetero), due to autosomal dominant inheritance |
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Term
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Definition
| 6 or more nuclear segments, seen in megaloblastic anemia and hereditary Hypersegmentation |
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Term
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Definition
| condensed nuclear chromatin, seen in degenerating nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| seen in Erlichia intracellular organism infection, 2 dense basophilic inclusions in the granulocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| large deep lilac granules in granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes |
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Term
| Chediak-higashi inclusions |
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Definition
| large, lysosome-like organelles in most granule containing cells (monos, lymphs and granulocytes), enormous azurophilic granule in PMN |
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Term
| Conditions associated with abnormal Eosinophil count |
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Definition
| infections with helminthic parasites, allergic diseases (increased) or increase in glucocorticoids and epinephrine (decreased) |
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Term
| Conditions associated with abnormal Basophil count |
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Definition
| Thyroid insufficiency, inflammatory reactions, CML, basophilic leukemia (increase) or leukocytosis with infection, inflammation or immunologic reactions (decrease) |
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Term
| Conditions associated with abnormal monocyte count |
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Definition
| stem cell disorders (aplastic anemia), glucocorticoids, fungi, mycobacteria or listeria infections in immunocomprimised people (decrease) or reactive monocytosis due to chronic infectious process (TB, bacterial endocarditis, syphilis, CMV), inflammatory or immune disorders (collagen, GI) or chronic neutropenic disorders (increase) |
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Term
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Definition
| AR disease in which there is a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase (enzyme) which causes lipid glucocerebroside to accumulate in macrophages (called gaucher cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| AR disease in which there is a deficiency of sphingomyelinase (enzyme) which causes foamy macrophages |
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Term
| Etiology acute neutrophilia |
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Definition
| bacterial infection or toxin |
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Term
| Associated conditions acute neutrophilia |
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Definition
| increased flow of PMNs from BM storage pool to PB |
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Term
| Peripheral blood findings for acute neutrophilia |
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Definition
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Term
| Etiology chronic neutrophilia |
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Definition
| follows acute if stimulus persists |
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Term
| follows acute if stimulus persists |
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Definition
| left shift in cell population, increased production in mitotic pool |
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Term
| Etiology reactive neutrophilia |
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Definition
| follows chronic if stimulus persists |
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Term
| Peripheral blood findings for reactive neutrophilia |
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Definition
| total leukocytes < 50 x 103/uL, left shift, toxic changes, increased LAP score |
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Term
| Hematologic features for Leukemoid reaction |
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Definition
| neutrophilic reaction, WBC count > 50 x 103/uL, left shift with immature leukocytes (bands, metas and myelos), transient, elevated LAP |
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Term
| Clinical features for Leukemoid reaction |
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Definition
| severe infection or necrotizing tissue, benign leukocyte proliferation |
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Term
| Hematologic features for CML |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical features for CML |
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Definition
| FISH for Philadelphia chromosome, flow cytometry for cancer cell markers |
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Term
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Definition
| severe infections can cause BM storage and mitotic pools to proliferate and they are not able to keep with demands |
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Term
| Associated conditions of neutropenia |
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Definition
| bacterial infections, myeloid hypoplasia, lack of cells at inflammatory sites, stem cell disorders |
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Term
| Blood findings for neutropenia |
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Definition
| ~1.8 x 103/uL, monocytosis, eosinophilia |
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Term
| Bone marrow findings for neutropenia |
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Definition
| hyperplastic, decreased M:E ration, decrease in BM storage pool |
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Term
| Spurious/false neutropenia |
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Definition
| neutropenia as a result of laboratory in vitro manipulations of blood |
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Term
| Evaluation of Spurious/false neutropenia |
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Definition
| determine the causes and correct before differential can be due to (1) EDTA induced adherence to erythrocytes (2) disintegration of neutrophils over time (3) disruption of abnormally fragile leukocytes during preparation or (4) neutrophil aggregation |
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Term
| Appropriate corrective action for Spurious/false neutropenia |
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Definition
| Adherence is corrected by recollecting a finger stick without EDTA, disintegration is corrected by recollecting and testing at a faster time, disruption is corrected by being more careful and aggregation is corrected by removing paraproteins |
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Term
| Pelger Huet Nuclear abnormalities |
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Definition
| abnormal lobe development, decrease in segmentation of the nucleus of granulocytes with condensation of the nuclear chromatin |
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Term
| Clinical conditions associated with Pelger Huet |
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Definition
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Term
| Pseudo-Pelger Huet nuclear abnormalities |
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Definition
| hypogranulation because of lack of secondary granules, nuclei acquire a round shape rather than dumbbell shape, chromatin shows intense clumping |
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Term
| Clinical conditions associated with Pseudo-Pelger Huet |
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Definition
| Myeloid malignancies, myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic states |
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Term
| Hypersegmentation nuclear abnormalities |
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Definition
| six or more nuclear segments |
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Term
| Clinical conditions associated with Hypersegmentation |
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Definition
| megablastic anemias, hereditary Hypersegmentation |
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Term
| Pyknotic nuclei nuclear abnormalities |
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Definition
| nuclear chromatin condenses, becomes structure-less, segments disappear, become smooth, dark-staining spheres |
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Term
| Clinical conditions associated with Pyknotic nuclei |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| neutrophil primary granules strain more prominently than normal granules |
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Term
| Clinical conditions associated with toxic granulation |
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Definition
| severe infections, burns, cancer, toxic drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum stains light blue or gray, single or multiple within cells |
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Term
| Clinical conditions associated with Döhle bodies |
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Definition
| severe infections, burns, cancer, toxic drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| clear, unstained areas in cytoplasm |
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Term
| Clinical conditions associated with vacuoles |
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Definition
| severe infections, burns, cancer, toxic drugs, artifact when stored with EDTA |
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Term
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Definition
| seen in cytoplasm of white cells |
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Term
| Clinical conditions associated with intracellular organisms |
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Definition
| bacteria, histoplasmosis, Candida, Erlichia |
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Term
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Definition
| observed on leukocytes, large, oval inclusions, more than one per cell |
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Term
| Clinical conditions associated with morulae |
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Definition
| intracellular micro colonies of Erlichia |
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Term
| Clinical features of Chédiak-Higashi |
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Definition
| oculocutaneous albinism, increase in susceptibility to infection, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphadenopathy, and decrease in dense body contents of platelets |
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Term
| Cellular abnormalities of Chédiak-Higashi |
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Definition
| large lysosome like organelles in all granule containing cells, PMNs has enormous abnormal azurophilic granules |
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Term
| Clinical features of Alder-Reilly |
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Definition
| metabolic disorder of polysaccharide metabolism |
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Term
| Cellular abnormalities of Alder-Reilly |
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Definition
| large, dense, deep, lilac granules in granulocytes, monos and lymphs |
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Term
| Clinical features of May-Hegglin |
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Definition
| leukopenia, giant platelets, mild thrombocytopenia |
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Term
| Cellular abnormalities of May-Hegglin |
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Definition
| large basophilic bodies in PMNs, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes, made of RNA from rough ER which are larger and more round than Döhle bodies |
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Term
| Alterations in relative/absolute numbers of eosinophils |
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Definition
| can be reactive secondary eosinophilia, diurnal variation, or eosinopenia |
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Term
| Clinical conditions associated with change in eosinophils |
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Definition
| diurnal variation associated with neonates or exercise, lowest in AM, reactive secondary eosinophilia associated with infections with helminthic parasites and allergic disease, eosinopenia associated with increase in glucocorticoids and epinephrine |
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Term
| Alterations in relative/absolute numbers of basophils |
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Definition
| basophilia ( > 0.2 103/uL) or basopenia |
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Term
| Clinical conditions associated with change in basophils |
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Definition
| basophilia associated with thyroid insufficiency, inflammatory reactions, chronic myeloproliferative disease and basophilic leukemia, basopenia associated with leukocytosis with infection, inflammation or immunologic reactions |
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Term
| Alterations in relative/absolute numbers of monocytes |
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Definition
| monocytopenia ( < 0.2 x 109/L), monocytosis ( > 8.0 x 109/L) |
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Term
| Clinical conditions associated with change in monocytes |
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Definition
| monocytopenia associated with stem cell disorders, glucocorticoids and predisposition to infections with fungi, mycobacteria and listeria, monocytosis associated with chronic infectious processes, inflammatory and immune disorders and chronic neutropenic disorders |
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Term
| Gaucher disease abnormal macrophages |
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Definition
| lipid glucocerebroside accumulates in macrophages called gaucher cells which are large with small eccentric nuclei and a wrinkled or striated cytoplasm |
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Term
| Niemann-pick disease abnormal macrophages |
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Definition
| Niemann-pick disease abnormal macrophages |
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