Term
| what membrane do the sperm bind to on the ovum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what degrades the zone pelluicda? |
|
Definition
| enzymes from the acrosomal cap |
|
|
Term
| what prevents more than 1 sperm from fusing with ovum? |
|
Definition
| binding changes memrbrane potential |
|
|
Term
| what part of the sperm gives the paternal DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how mnay chromosomes are in the zygote/fertilized ovum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does fertilization occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combo of two haploid gametes to make a zygote |
|
|
Term
what is cleavage?
where does it occur? |
|
Definition
cell divisions postfertilization that forms pre-embryo blastocyte;
in uterine tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| identical cells made from cleavage |
|
|
Term
| the first cell diviison of cleavage takes how many hours? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
how long does it take a zygot to reach the uterus?
what transports it? |
|
Definition
3-5 days
ciliated cells in uterien tube |
|
|
Term
| what is the sperm/egg combo that actually enters the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does it take for the blastocyst to implant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the implanted blastocyst get nutrients? also called? |
|
Definition
endometrial secretions
uterine milk |
|
|
Term
| how does the blastocyst establish a line with the maternal blood? |
|
Definition
| invades the endometrium of uterus |
|
|
Term
| what erodes the endometrium so the blastocyst can implant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what develops in the placenta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the time length you can call the growing zygote an embryo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| progesterone converts endometrial cells into what to privde nutrients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do trophoblasts deigst to relase nutrients for embryo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what forms the chorion?
what does this fill up with? |
|
Definition
trophoblasts
maternal blood |
|
|
Term
| what cavity surrounds the embryo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone is tested for in preggo tests? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during what weeks are most of the organs formed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when do the major morphologic deformaties occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does cellular devlopment occur? |
|
Definition
| throughout gestation and into neonate |
|
|
Term
| when does the fetus gain the most weight? |
|
Definition
| last trimester- it doubles |
|
|
Term
| chorionic vili contain what type of blood- maternal or fetal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the placenta is surrounded by sinus with maternal blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the fetal blood supply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the maternal blood flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transfer btwn fetal and maternal circulation occurs where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what seperates the fetal and maternal circulation -2 |
|
Definition
placental trophoblasts
fetal capillary wall |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 functions of the placenta? |
|
Definition
solute transfer
nutrients
gets rid of waste
synth hormones |
|
|
Term
| what hormone does hCG stimualte synth of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does hCG porudction begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2nd and 3rd trimesters the placenta release what hormones? -4 |
|
Definition
| progesterone, estrogen, HPL, relaxin |
|
|
Term
when is highest rate of miscarriage?
why? |
|
Definition
1st trimester
hCG amount is specific |
|
|
Term
| what hormones has a 30x increase in preggo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does estrogen affect primarily fetal or maternal? what does it affect? |
|
Definition
maternal
growth/proliferatoin |
|
|
Term
| what hromones is a 10x increase in preggo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 functions of progesterone during preggo? |
|
Definition
deicdual cells
prevent contractions and slough of endometrium
prepare breast for lactation |
|
|
Term
| Labor and partruition is driven by what hormone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kidn of feedback loops does oxytocin have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what increases serum oxytocin? |
|
Definition
| dilation of cervix and contracitons |
|
|
Term
what are the 4 PReggo problems of the GI?
which is most common? |
|
Definition
N/V
constipation
hemorrhoids
GI reflux;
N/ |
|
|
Term
| what is hyperemesis gravidarum? |
|
Definition
| so muhc vomitting during preggo that cna lose 5% of body weight (think princess Kate) |
|
|
Term
| what hormone promotes serum glucose/FFA for preggo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do gestaional diabetes need more or less insulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preeclampsia with siezures |
|
|
Term
| what BP is gestional diabetes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| preeclampsia BP rises when during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does preeclampsia come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most affected organs from the dysfucntion of vascualr endothelium in preeclampsia are? -3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what supplement to do you give to preggo to reduce preecmaplsia ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is HELP and how do you get it? |
|
Definition
hemolysis, elevated liver, low platelet;
preeclampsia |
|
|
Term
| what may need to be done if eclampsia occurs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what therapy is given as anticonvulsant for preeclampsia during labor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hromones is simialr to TSH? what can this do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms of gestional thyrotoxiosis? |
|
Definition
| asymptomatic (may be vomitting) |
|
|
Term
| what med can be given for symptom releif of thyroiditis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does thyoriditis occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
preggnancy increases r odedcrases coagulatin?
this means what? |
|
Definition
increase
increase in thromboemblism risk |
|
|
Term
| what do you give a preggo pateint to prevent thomobemoblism? |
|
Definition
| LMWH or unfracitoned heparin |
|
|
Term
| what anticoag drug is never used in preggo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when do neuronal defects occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vitamin plays a role in neuronal tube defects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common forms of neuronal tube defects are-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is the name of therapy to delay delivery?
what are the meds?-4 |
|
Definition
tocolytic;
beta blockers
magnesium sulfate
CCBs
NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
| in preggo what happen to gastric pH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hromones affect the metabolism enzymes in the liver? |
|
Definition
| progestreone and estrogen |
|
|
Term
| drugs pass to fetus through _ by what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
factor for trnasfer of drug:
MW?
Lipid solubility?
protein binding?
drug charge? |
|
Definition
<500 is easy, >1000 no
lipohillic pass easier
maternal albumin decreas,e fetal increase- so more bound drugs in fetus
neutral or weak base |
|
|
Term
| why are corticosteroid given to mom? |
|
Definition
| increase lung maturaiton of fetus |
|
|
Term
| why are antiarrthymics given to mom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 3 meds are given to mom to help fetus? |
|
Definition
corticosteroids
antiretroviral
antiarrthymias |
|
|
Term
| For prep of breasts what does estrogen promote? -2 |
|
Definition
deposite of fat
ductal growth |
|
|
Term
| what does progestroen do for prepping breasts -3 |
|
Definition
gorwth of lobules
budding aveoli
secretory of aveoli |
|
|
Term
| what hormoens promotes milk produciton |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
during preggo what 2 hormoes prevent milk production?
if something is produced what is is called? |
|
Definition
estorgen an dprogesterone;
colostrum |
|
|
Term
| what does colostrum have in it? |
|
Definition
| antibody, macrophages, lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| positive feedback on hypothalamus for prolactin |
|
|
Term
what promotes milk ejection from mammary gland?
what stimulates its release? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what gland increases due to milk production?
what does this do to maternal bones? |
|
Definition
parathyroid
decalcification |
|
|
Term
| what two immunoglobulins are passed to fetus? how? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the easlierst mammory secreiton after birth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during first 3 days post labor how are the aveolar epithelial cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is the aveolar endotheial leaky? |
|
Definition
| colostum period (3 days after labor) |
|
|
Term
| what does prolactin dot the epitheial cells? |
|
Definition
| proliferate to fill in gaps |
|
|
Term
| when considering infant oral bioavailability - med with what bioavail do you choose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
selection of safe drugs for infants:
half life ?
protein binding?
oral bioavilability
lipid solubility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is mastitis?
what are the symptoms? |
|
Definition
inflammation of breast;
flu like |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common caus eof infectious mastitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when do you have masittis? |
|
Definition
|
|
