Term
| Describe a stage 1 pressure ulcer |
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Definition
| A stage 1 pressure ulcer is non blanchable with presence of erthema (reddening of skin) |
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Term
| Describe a stage 2 pressure ulcer |
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Definition
| Partial thickness loss involving both epidermis and dermis |
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Term
| Describe a stage 3 pressure ulcer |
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Definition
| Full thickness loss of subcutaneous tissue. |
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Term
| Describe a stage 4 pressure ulcer |
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Definition
| Full thickness loss of subcutaneous tissue down to the muscle or bone |
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Term
| What is a primary lesion? |
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Definition
| One that appears in response to some change in the internal or external environment of the skin and is not altered by trauma. |
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Term
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Definition
| A flat, non palpable lesion. Less than 1 cm in length. Think "Freckle" or "flat mole" |
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Term
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Definition
| Flat, non palpable. Greater than 1 cm in size. Think birthmark. |
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Term
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Definition
| Raised, superficial lesion, less than 1 cm in size. Think wart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Well-circumsized (easy to see & feel borders, elevated, solid lesion greater than 1 cm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporarily raised, superficial lesions |
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Term
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Definition
| Paplpable solid lesion, with depth into the dermis, smaller than 2 cm. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Palpable, solid lesion, greater than 2 cm in size. |
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Term
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Definition
| Palpable, fluid filled lesion less than 1 cm in size. (Chicken pox) |
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Term
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Definition
| Palpable, fluid filled, superficial lesion that is greater than 1 cm in size. (Huge water blister, like seen in burn victims). |
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Term
| What is a secondary lesion? |
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Definition
| A secondary lesion is a lesion that has added to or taken away from an existing lesion. |
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Term
| What is a Lichenification? |
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Definition
| A secondary lesion that ADDs to skin surface. Described as thickening and scaling with increased skin markings. |
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Term
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Definition
| A secondary lesion that ADDs to the skin surface. Described as dead skin cells -> scales can either by dry or oily. (i.e. fungal infections) |
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Term
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Definition
| A secondary lesion that ADDs to skin surface. Described as dried exudate. |
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Term
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Definition
| A secondary lesion that ADDs to skin surface. Described as a replacement of connective tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| A secondary lesion that ADDs to skin surface. Described as hypertrophic scarring, excess collagen formation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A secondary lesion that TAKES away from skin surface. Described as an abrasion produced by mechanical means. |
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Term
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Definition
| A secondary lesion that TAKES away from skin surface. Described as wearing down; does not extend beyond dermis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A secondary lesion that TAKES away from skin surface. Described as linear breaks in skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| A secondary lesion that TAKES away from skin surface. Described as an irregularly shaped loss of epidermis or dermis. May be necrotic. (Cuts real deep into skin). |
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Term
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Definition
| A secondary lesion that TAKES away from skin surface. Described as a thinning of the skin with transparent appearance. |
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Term
| Describe the pattern/configuration: Round |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pattern/configuration: Discrete |
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Definition
| Apart or separate from other lesions. |
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Term
| Describe the pattern/configuration: Grouped |
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Definition
| Lesions clustered together. |
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Term
| Describe the pattern/configuration: Confluent |
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Definition
| Lesions that run together. |
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Term
| Describe the pattern/configuration: Linear |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pattern/configuration: Annular |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pattern/configuration: Arciform |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pattern/configuration: Iris |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pattern/configuration: Reticular |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pattern/configuration: Gyrate |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pattern/configuration: Polycyclic |
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Definition
| Concentric circles like hives. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A vascular lesion, described as an extravasation of blood into skin layers that don't blanch. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vascular lesion, described as an extravasation of blood into skin layers, small purple red spots caused by broken blood vessels that do not blanch. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vascular lesion, described as a bruise. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vascular lesion, described as a fine irregular vessels that blanche |
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Term
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Definition
| A vascular lesion, described as a type of telangiectasis found beneath skin surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vascular lesion, described as a small red nodule formed by a dilated vein in the skin. |
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Term
| What is capillary hemangioma? |
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Definition
| A vascular lesion, described as red, raised, lumpy area of flesh, also known as "infantile hemangioma" |
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Term
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Definition
| A common fungal infection of nails |
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Term
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Definition
| An infection in the tissue adjacent to a nail on a finger or toe. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the condition called for an absence of a testicle in the scrotal sac? |
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Definition
| Cryptorchidism, which is an undescended testicle. This occurs when one or both testicles fail to descend before birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain that occurs when hollow organs forcefully contract or become distended. Difficult to localize. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of hollow or solid organs. Easy to localize. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of percussing the abdomen? |
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Definition
| To assess for presence of fluid, air, organ size, or masses in abdomen. |
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Term
| What two sounds are heard when percussing the abdomen? |
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Definition
| Tympani - sound of air; and Dullness - sound for solid organs, or hollow organs filled with fluid. |
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Term
| Where is the stomach located? |
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Definition
| In the gastric/umbilical (center, center) region. |
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Term
| Where are the small intestines located? |
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Definition
| Right lumbar region... (right, center). |
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Term
| Where are the large intestines located? |
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Definition
| Ascending = right inguinal (right, bottom); Descending = left inguinal (left, bottom) |
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Term
| Where is the liver located? |
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Definition
| Right hypochondriac region, URQ, under ribs. |
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Term
| Where is the pancreas located? |
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Definition
| ULQ, left hypochondriac region |
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Term
| Where is the gall bladder located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the spleen located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the bladder located? |
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Definition
| Hypogastric, bottom middle region |
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Term
| Where are the kidneys located? |
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Definition
| Right & Left lumbar... or Right & Left center region. |
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Term
| What vascular sounds can be heard in the abdomen? |
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Definition
| Bruits, vemous hum over liver, and friction rub. |
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Term
| With what part of the stethoscope does one auscultate the abdomen for vascular sounds? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Outer visible layer that contains keratin - an extremely tough protective protein substance that causes tissue to become hard. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deep to epidermis. Composed of proteins and mucopolysaccharides which provide a supporting matrix for nerve tissue, blood vessels, sweat and sebum glands. |
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Term
| What is an apocrine gland? |
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Definition
| Sweat glands that are limited to the genitalia, axillae, and areolae. |
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Term
| What is subcutaneous tissue? |
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Definition
| Deep to the dermis. Made up of fatty connective tissue. |
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Term
| What is arrector pili muscle? |
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Definition
| Small muscles that attach to the hair follicles in mammals. Contraction of these muscles causes the ahirs to stand on end, aka Goosebumps. |
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Term
| What are eccrine sweat glands? |
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Definition
| Sweat glands that are distributed over much of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mature, melanin-forming cell typically in the skin. |
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Term
| Explain the importance of the angle of detatchment. |
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Definition
| Determines clubbing. Normal angle of detachment is 160, clubbing is 180 degrees. |
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Term
| Describe the sound of a bruits |
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Definition
| A swishing sound that indicates turbulence. Heard of gastric region and the aorta. |
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Term
| Describe the sound of venous hum |
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Definition
| Can be heard of liver and umbilical region. A soft pitched humming noise with a systolic and diastolic component. |
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Term
| Describe the sound of a friction rub |
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Definition
| A grating sound that increases with inspiration which can indicate peritoneal irritation. Heard over liver and spleen. |
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Term
| What does the A stand for in the ABCDE of skin lesions? |
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Definition
| Asymmetry - One side of the lesion is not the same as the other. |
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Term
| What does the B stand for in the ABCDE of skin lesions? |
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Definition
| Borders/bleeding - outside border has a jagged, fuzzy, or undefined eges, or bleeding. |
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Term
| What does the C stand for in the ABCDE of skin lesions? |
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Definition
| Color - more than one color, various shades of brown, black, grey and red. |
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Term
| What does the D stand for in the ABCDE of skin lesions? |
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Definition
| Diameter - more than 5 mm long |
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Term
| What does the E stand for in the ABCDE of skin lesions? |
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Definition
| Evolution - If it is ever changing, getting bigger, and itching. |
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Term
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Definition
| ABCDE is used for assessing suspicious lesions. |
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Term
| What is the best place to detect skin color changes in dark skin individuals? |
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Definition
| In their mucousal membranes, i.e. mouth and under eyes. |
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Term
| What is actinic keratosis? |
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Definition
| A precancerous, suspicious lesion. Described as a thick scaly benign (can be malignant) patch of skin. |
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Term
| What is basal cell carcinoma? |
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Definition
| Most common skin cancer but rarely metastisizes. |
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Term
| What is squamos cell carcinoma? |
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Definition
| Rarely metastisizes, but more so than basal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Malignant cancer of the melanocytes with a strong potential to metastisize. |
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Term
| What are the signs of breast cancer? |
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Definition
| Nipple erosion, retraction or bloody discharge. Firm or hard lump that is fixed to the skin. |
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Term
| Describe a benign breast lump |
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Definition
| Smooth, round, movable and nontender. Also known as fibroadenoma. |
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Term
| Describe a malignant breast lump |
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Definition
| Irregular shape, nontender, immovable and increases in size. |
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Term
| What are the signs that a breast lump is malignant? |
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Definition
| It is firm and hard, not easily distinguishable, fixed into breast, usually only one lump and may be accompanied by bloody discharge. |
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Term
| What is the proper sequence of examination of the abdomen? |
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Definition
| Inspection, auscultation, percussion and then palpation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines |
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Term
| How much is frequency for bowel sounds? |
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Definition
| 5 to 30 clicks per minute. |
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Term
| What is the process for performing a testicular exam |
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Definition
| Roll each testicle between thumb and fingers. Perform TSE during or after warm bath or shower may be helpful. |
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Term
| What is Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy? |
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Definition
| BPH, and enlargement of the prostate. |
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Term
| What is light palpation used for? |
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Definition
| Using finger tips to assess for tenderness, guarding and turgor. |
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Term
| What is deep palpation used for? |
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Definition
| Used to assess massess, organs, and rebound tenderness. |
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Term
| True or False, you palpate the area of pain last? |
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Definition
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