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| any relative druable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience (most funadamental concept) |
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| involves learning connections between events that occurin an organisms environment |
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| irrational fears of specfic objects or situations |
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| type of learning in which a stimulous aquires the capacity to evoke a response that was orginally evoked by another stimulus; created by Ivan Pavlow |
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| stimulus that evokes an uncondtioned response without previous conditioning |
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| unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs with out previous conditioning |
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| previously neautral stimulus that has aqquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response |
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| learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus |
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| classical conditioning consists of any presentation of a stimulous pair of stimuli |
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| decrease in the production of antibodies |
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| refers to the changes in the liking of a stimulus that result from pairing that stimulus ith another pos/negative stimulus |
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| initial stage of learning something |
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| occurence of stimuli together in time and space |
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| gradual weakening and disappearence of a conditioned response tendancy |
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| reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of nonexposre to the conditioned stimulous |
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| period of non-exposure to CS |
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| if a response is extinguished in a different environment than where it was aquired, the extinguished response will reappear if the animal is returned to the orginal environment where acuisition took place |
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| organism has learned a response to a specific stimulus in the same wat to a stimuli that are similar to the orginal stimuls |
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| reinforcement contingenicies |
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| circumstances or rules that determine wether responses lead to the presentation of reinforces |
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| monitors response rate by creating a graphic recording of responding and reinforcement in a skinner box as a function of time |
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organism continues to make a response after delivery of the reinforcer has been terminated
ex casino wants people to keep gambling even if they lose |
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| schedule of reinforcement |
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| determines which occurences of a specific response result in the presentation of a reinforcer |
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| simplest pattern of schedule; occurs when every instance of a designated response is reinforeced |
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the reinforcer is given after a fixed number of nonreinforced responses
ex salesperson recieves a bonus for every 4th membership sold |
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reinforcer is given after a variable number of nonreinforced responses
ex slot machine pays off someone every six tries on average, but winning responses varies from one time to the next |
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reinforcer is given for first response that occurs after a fixed time interval has relapsed
ex rat is reinforced every two minutes from pressing the lever |
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| variable interval schedule |
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reinforcer is given for the first tie after a variable time interval has elapsed
ex person repeatedly redialing a busy number (getting through is the reinforcer) |
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| repsonse is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of rewarding stimulus |
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| occurs when a response is strengthened becasue it is followed by the removal of an aversive (nonpleasant) stimulus |
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| organism acquires a response that decreases or ends some adversive stimulation |
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organism aquires a response that prevents some aversive stimulation from occuring
ex taking stairs instead of elevator |
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| repeatedly reinforcing closer and closer approximations of a desired response until the desired response is acheived |
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