Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Exam 2
Chapter 7
32
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
03/21/2012

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Social Control
Definition
Techniques and strategies employed for preventing deviant human behavior in any society
Term
Sanctions
Definition
penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm
Term
Conformity
Definition
Going along with peers who have no special right to direct behavior
Term
Obedience
Definition
Compliance with higher authorities in an hierarchical structure
Term
The Milgram Experiment
Definition
Experimenter instructed people to administer increasingly painful electric shocks to a subject (2/3 were declared "obedient subjects")
Term
Informal social control
Definition
Used casually to enforce norms
Term
Formal social control
Definition
Carried out by authorized agents
Term
Law
Definition
Governmental social control; the legal order reflects values of those in a position to exercise authority
Term
Control Theory
Definition
Our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to society's norms
Term
Deviance
Definition
Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society
Term
Stigma
Definition
Labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups
Term
Anomie (Functionalist)
Definition
Loss of direction felt in society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective
Term
Anomie Theory of Deviance (Functionalist)
Definition
How people adapt in creation ways by conforming to or by deviating from cultural expectations (conformist, innovator, ritualist, retreatist, rebel)
Term
Cultural transmission (Interactionist)
Definition
Humans learn how to behave in social situations, whether properly or improperly
Term
Differential association (Interactionist)
Definition
Process through which exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to the violation of rules
Term
Social Disorganization Theory (Interactionist)
Definition
Increases in crime and deviance attributed to absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions (some claim theory seems to "blame the victim")
Term
Labeling Theory (Interactionist)
Definition
Attempts to explain why some people are viewed as deviants while others are not;
AKA societal-reaction approach: response to an act, not the behavior, determines deviance
Term
Social Constructionist Perspective (Interactionist)
Definition
Deviance is a product of the culture we live in
Term
Conflict Theory (deviance)
Definition
People with power protect their own interests and define deviance to suit their needs
Term
Differential justice (Conflict)
Definition
Differences in way social control is exercised over different groups
Term
Feminist View (deviance)
Definition
Adler and Chesney-Lind argue existing approaches to deviance and crime (ex. death sentence) are developed with men in mind
Term
Crime
Definition
Violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties
Term
Index crimes
Definition
Murder, Burglary, Rape, Robbery, Theft, Assault, Arson
Term
Victimless crimes
Definition
willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services
Term
Professional crime/criminal
Definition
many people make a career of illegal activities (person who pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation)
Term
Organized crime
Definition
group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprise involved in illegal activities
Term
White Collar crime
Definition
illegal acts committed in the course of business activities
Term
Computer crime
Definition
use of high technology to carry out embezzlement or electronic fraud
Term
Corporate crime
Definition
any act by a corporation that is punishable by the government
Term
Transnational crime
Definition
crime that occurs across multiple national borders (international crime spans globe)
Term
Victimization Surveys
Definition
Surveys of ordinary people (not cops) to determine whether they have been victims of crime
Term
Gun control
Definition
42% of US households have some type of firearm; about 50% of US adults favor stricter gun laws
Supporting users have an ad free experience!