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| Sensory neurons __________ physical energy into a neural signal (code). |
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| The transparent layer forming the front of the eye. |
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| The tendency to prefer visual input from one eye to the other. |
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percieved to be together if move together
[image] |
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| actual object that is "out there" |
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| information registered on your sensory receptors; the image created on your retina |
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| thin, flat phase that focuses on far away objects |
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| Top of optic nerve and has no perception |
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| flat, colored ring; behind the cornea; adjusts the pupil |
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| gives us high acuity vision |
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| Ocular dominance (eyedness) |
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| tendency to prefer visual input from one eye to the other |
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| distinct shape with clearly defined edges |
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| Illusory/subjective contours |
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| we see edges even if they are not present in the stimulus |
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| distant, large objects can produce a the same image on the retina as a small, close object |
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| how hard the muscles are working to shape the lens to focus on an object; lens is thin for far away, and thick for close |
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| Binocular/retinal disparity |
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| requires two eyes. both eyes project different images on the retina. have to match up points on an image. |
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| tells you what is closer and what is farther away; have to be moving for this to work. example: the moon is following you. |
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| can occur in a picture or in reality. ex: relative size, texture, gradient, converging parallel lines, familiar size |
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| Ariel/atmosphere perspective |
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| air is not perfectly clear. the more air between you and an object, the less clear the object is. |
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| when your retinal image changes, but you know the size of the object hasn't changed |
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| you know a piece of paper is white even though there are darker shadows on it |
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| Template-recognition theory |
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| compare stimulus with a set of templates; i.e. letters and numbers |
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| stimulus is composed of a small number of characteristics or components; i.e. an R has 3 characteristics |
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| we store a small number of views of 3D objects. we have to mentally rotate objects if they are at an unusual angle. |
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| Recognition-by-components theory |
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| object can be represented as an arrangement of 3D objects called geons. |
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| How many geons are required to recognize an object? |
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| concentrate our mental activity on a stimulus in environment that caught our attention |
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| concentrate our mental activity because we want to pay attention to a specific stimulus |
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| Which is used in change detection: top-down or bottom-up? |
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| try to pay attention to two or more simultaneous messages, responding to each as needed |
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| Is top-down or bottom-up processing overused for change blindness? |
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| when we are paying attention to some events in a scene, we may fail to notice when an unexpected but completely visible object suddenly appears. |
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| our visual system doesn't represent the important features of an object as a unified whole |
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| inappropriate combination of features, such as an object's shape with a nearby object's color |
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| requires serial processing, identifying one object at a time; higher-level |
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| allows you to register features automatically, using parallel processing; automatic and lower-level |
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| It's easier to spot an _________ feature than a __________ of features. |
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| unusual kind of vision without awareness; affects people with damaged visual cortexes |
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| Ironic effects of mental control |
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| how our efforts backfire when we attempt to contro the contents of our consciousness |
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| the awareness that people have about the outside world and about our perceptions, images, thoughts, memories and feelings |
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| brings the center of the retina into position over the words you want to read |
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| the number of letters and spaces that we perceive during fixation |
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| moving backward to earlier material in a sentence |
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| people are instructed to name the color of a word that is related to a psychological disorder |
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| level of difficulty of a task |
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| McKay Late Selection theory |
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| the attended channel receives ambiguous sentences, and the unattended channel receives biased words for the ambiguous sentence. |
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| what we notice on the unattended channel when being tested with dichotic listening. |
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| objects near each other tend to be grouped together |
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| lines are seen as following the smoothest path |
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| objects grouped together are seen as a whole |
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