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| behaviors elicted automatically by enviromental stimuli |
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| any relatively permanent change in the way organism responds based on its experience |
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| an object or event in the anv. that elicts a response in an organism |
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| the decreasing strength of a response after repeated presentation of the stimulus |
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| a prodecure by which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after it is paired with a stimulus tha automaticall elicits that response the first type of learning to be systemically studied |
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| in classical conditioning a response that has been learned |
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| a stimulus that the organism has learned to associate with the unconditioned stimulus |
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| an irrational fear of a specific object or situtation |
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| the tendency for learned behavior to occur in response to stimuli that were not present during conditioning but that are similar to the conditioned stimulus |
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| in classical conditioning the process by which a conditoned response is weakened by presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus; in operant conditioning, the process ny which the connection between an operant and a reinforcer or punishment is similarly broken |
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| the spontaneous reemergence of a response or an operant that has been extinguished |
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| the duration of time between presentation of the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus |
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| a phenomenon that occurs when a stimulus fails to elicitt a conditioned response because it is combined with another stimulus that already elicits the response |
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| a phenomenon in classical conditioning in which initial exposure to a neural stimulus without UCS slows the process of later learning the CS-UCS association and developing a CR |
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| responses to which an organism is predisposed because they were selected through natural selection |
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| law proposed by Thorndlike which states that the tendency of an organism to produce a behavior depends on the effect the behavior has on the environment |
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| learning that results when an organism associated a response that occurs spontaneously with a particular env. effect: also called instrumental conditoning |
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| behaviors that are emitted by the organism rather than elicited by env. |
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| a conditioning process that increases the probability that a response will occur |
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| an env. consequene that occurs after an organism has produced a respons and makes tha response more likely to occur |
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| the process by which a behavior is made more likely because of the presentaion of a rewarding stimulus |
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| rewarding stimulus that strengthens a behavior when it is presented |
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| phenomenon that occurs when the learner erroneously associates an operant and an env. event |
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| the process whereby a behavior is made more likely because it is followed by the removal of a aversive stimulus |
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| an avserive or unpleasant stimuus that strengthens a behavior by its removal |
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| a negative reinforcement procedure in which the behavior of an organism is reinforced by the cessation of an aversivr event that already exists |
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| a negative reinforcement procedure in which the behavior of an organism is reinforced by the prevention of an expected aversive event |
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| a conditioning process that decreases the probability that a behavior will occur |
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| continuous reinforcement schedule |
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| an operant conditioning prodecure in which the env. consequences are the same each time an organism emits a behavior |
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| parital schedule of reinforcement |
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| an operant conditioning prodecure in which an organism is reinforced only some of the time it emits a behavior |
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| ratio schedule of reinforcement |
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| opernat conditioning prodecure in which an organism is reinforced for some proportion of responses |
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| interval schedules of reinforcement |
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| operant conditoning prodecures in which rewards are delivered according to intervals of time |
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| fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement |
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| operant conditoning prodecure in which the organism receives reinforcement at a fixed rate, according to the number of responses eitted |
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| variable ratio schedules of reinforcement |
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| operant conditioning prodecures in which the organism recieve rewards for a certain percentage of behaviors that are emitted, but htis percentage is not fixed |
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| fixed interval schedules of reinforcement |
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| operant conditoning procedures in which organism receive rewards for their responses only after fixed amount of time |
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| variable interval schedule of reinforcement |
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| operant conditoning procedures in which organisms recieve rewards for their responses after an amount of time that is not constant |
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| a stimulus that signals tha particular contingence of reinforcement are in effect |
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| a stimulus that is innately rewarding to an organism |
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| stimulus that acquires reinforcement value after an organism learns to associate it with stimuli that are innately reinforcing |
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| learning that has occured but is not currently mainfest in behavior |
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