Term
1.What arterial trunks supplies the foregut?
midgut?
Hindgut? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three branches off the celiac artery? |
|
Definition
| Left gastric, splenic, common hepatic |
|
|
Term
| Name the arteries that collectively supply the jejunum and ileum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the middle colic artery and what general region does it supply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are the vessels to the gut smaller than they initially appear on visual inspection? |
|
Definition
| They are “coated” with an autonomic nerve plexus. |
|
|
Term
| Which unpaired artery gives rise to the left colic artery and sigmoidal arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is functional significance of the marginal artery? |
|
Definition
| Provides for a continuous anastomotic supply of blood to the colon in the event that major colic branches are compressed, temporarily or permanently. |
|
|
Term
| What three veins converge to form the portal vein? |
|
Definition
| Splenic and SMV, plus the IMV |
|
|
Term
| Where is the portal vein formed? |
|
Definition
| Behind the neck of the pancreas |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the portal vein? |
|
Definition
| Bring nutrient rich, still moderately oxygenated, blood to the liver for processing from the GI tract. |
|
|
Term
| What is portal hypertension? |
|
Definition
| Restriction of blood flow through the portal vein |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of chronic portal hypertension? |
|
Definition
| Splenomegaly, hemorrhoids, esophageal varices, caput medusa. |
|
|
Term
| How can these symptoms be alleviated? |
|
Definition
| Surgically routing portal to the IVC through fusion of these vessels, or other adjacent porta/caval vessels (left renal & splenic veins). Also an interventional procedure called TIPS – Trans Intrahepatic Portal Shunt. |
|
|
Term
| How many lobes does the liver have? |
|
Definition
| 2-4: Right & left (caudate & quadrate part of right anatomic, but part of left functional lobe) |
|
|
Term
| What separates the liver into anatomic lobes? |
|
Definition
| Falciform ligament and left sagittal fissure. |
|
|
Term
| What lies in the right hepatic fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the round ligament of the liver? |
|
Definition
| The remnant of the umbilical vein. |
|
|
Term
| What is the porta hepatis? |
|
Definition
| Hilum of liver (transverse hepatic fissure) – contains components of hepatic artery, hepatic ducts and portal vein. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two sources of blood to the liver? |
|
Definition
| Portal vein (70%), hepatic artery (30%) |
|
|
Term
| What separates the liver into functional lobes? |
|
Definition
| Physically – the middle hepatic vein. By definition - the right & left branching of the hepatic arteries, portal veins and hepatic ducts. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the gallbladder? |
|
Definition
| Stores, concentrates and releases bile. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the duct that transmits bile to and from the gallbladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the special connective tissue formation in the duct that prevents over distension and collapse of the duct to the gallbladder? |
|
Definition
| Spiral valve (of Heister) |
|
|
Term
| What is the route of bile once produced until it reaches the duodenum? |
|
Definition
| Liver, hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct, ampula of Vater, major duodenal papillae, duodenm |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the pancreas? |
|
Definition
| Endocrne – sugar metabolism: glucagon & insulin. Exocrine – digestion: bicarbonate, lipases, amylases, proteases |
|
|
Term
| Where is the head of the pancreas located?the tail? |
|
Definition
| Nestled in the C-shaped crook of the duodenum, At the hilum of the spleen |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship of the main pancreatic duct and the common bile duct |
|
Definition
| They empty into a common site – the ampula of Vater |
|
|
Term
| Where is the spleen located? |
|
Definition
| Posterior to the mid-axillary line, left side, along the 10th rib. |
|
|
Term
| Why is it commonly injured in motor vehicle accidents (MVA)? |
|
Definition
| Spleen, It is on a pedicle made from the greater omentum and is relatively mobile. It therefore can become a projectile within the peritoneal cavity during a severe MVA and crashes against the inside of the rib cage. It is often bruised or lacerated. |
|
|
Term
| What other organ is also at risk in MVA that injures the spleen? |
|
Definition
| Tail of pancreas as well as the splenic vessels. |
|
|
