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Exam 2
MIC 205
54
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
10/19/2010

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Discovered in the mid 1980s in Lyme, CT, which is a heavily forested region. Associated with deer mites which were found to be the vector for the disease. Symptoms include arthritis, red wheel around bit area.
Kingdom: Prokaryotae, Subkingdom: Bacteria, Division: Gracilicutes, Class: Scotobacteria, Order: Spirochaetales, Family: Sprirochaetaceae, Genus: Borrelia, Species: burgdorferi
Definition
Lyme disease
Term
Woese discovered and won the Nobel Prize for it, have cell walls but do not have peptidoglycan, a sugar composed of sugar alcohols. Very resistant to high temperatures and have been found growing near geothermal vents, extreme acidophiles, extreme thermophiles, very atypical organisms
Definition
Archaebacteria
Term
Polymer resin that was very thick and found to work as being able to see tissue pieces and could be put onto a microtome, allowed for fixation of tissue. Was initially replaced by Epon and then replaced by Spurr.
Definition
Maraglas
Term
Electron microscopy structure
Definition
Ultrastructure/fine structure
Term
Fixation by Osmium tetroxide or Gluteraldehyde, Dehydration by alcohol series, and Embedding by limit of resolution of 0.001 micrometer
Definition
Electron Microscopy
Term
Chemical that is pretty close to glucose. Has CH2--O + NH2 which makes it different from glucose
Definition
N acetyl glucosamine (NAG)
Term
Protection: keeps cell from being sensitive to osmotic changes, Confers the characteristic shape or morphology (bacilli: rod-shaped, cocci: spherical, spiral: bent, curved, or twisted rods, square: halophilic bacteria), Osmophiles: higher sugar environments, necessary for motility, necessary for reproduction
Definition
Functions of Bacterial Cell Wall
Term
Pertaining to the intestinal tract (E.coli), bacteria that is either a normal flora bacteria of the intestinal tract or like Salmonella that was introduce to the intestinal tract, certain anaerobes also exist in the intestinal tract
Definition
Enteric
Term
Salmonella, Vibrio, some of the most important intestinal bacteria, Shigella, all have a LPS that has Lipid A and is often referred to as endotoxins that are one of the two major bacterial toxins. Not all Gm - cells have Lipid A
Definition
Enteric pathogens
Term
Formed from Lipid A and is also known as enteric fever
Definition
Endotoxin
Term
From the outermost part of the plasma membrane to the inner most part of the LPS
Definition
Periplasmaic Space
Term
Slime or capsule layer that is made up of Dextram or levan
Definition
Glycocalyx
Term
Diplococcus pneumonieae was discovered in 1928 and is now known as Streptococcus pneumonieae. First to describe transformation in bacteria
Definition
Griffith
Term
When a cell is infected and does not recognize that they are infected
Definition
Lysogenic bacteria
Term
Mutation, Transformation, Conjugation, and Transduction
Definition
Bacteria Genetic Variation
Term
Progressive or vital movement
Definition
True motility
Term
Short, numerous hair-like projections on Gm - cells that are shorter than flagella. Bacteria use them to attach to a nutrient source
Definition
Fimbriae
Term
Projection of cell that can attach to another cell and then lead to conjugation
Definition
Sex pili
Term
Monotrichous (one projection), Amphitrate (Two projections from two different areas), Hophotrichous (3 or more projections from the same area), Peritrichate (multiple projections from various areas), and Atrichous (not flagellated)
Definition
Arrangements of Trichous (flagella)
Term
Donor cell(F+) attaches to recipient cell (F-) and creates a F+ and F- cell
Definition
Conjugation
Term
Metaphosphate (Volutin), Corynebacterium diptheriea which for rods, metachromatic that are stained with methylen blue or toluideione blue
Definition
Various types of phosphate granules
Term
H2S: purple sulfur bacteria and non-purple sulfur bacteria
Definition
Sulfur granules
Term
ATP's main goal is cellular respiration
Definition
Biological energy
Term
Irreversible change in size or number of cells
Definition
Growth of microbes
Term
No noticeable increase in growth
Definition
Hag Phase
Term
Doubling of population, exponential growth. cells are most metabolically active
Definition
Log Phase
Term
No noticeable increase in growth, depletion of nutrients
Definition
Maximum stationary phase
Term
Allows you to keeps media's pH adjusted
Definition
Chemostat
Term
Beef extract, peptone, agar of 15 grams and 977 mL of water
Definition
Nutrient agar
Term
All organisms must have these things to survive
Definition
Carbon, energy source, nitrogen source, phosphorus source, sulfur source, vitamins, minerals, and water
Term
Need a way to produce ATP
Definition
Energy source
Term
To build up protein synthesis (way gene material is expressed)
Definition
Nitrogen source
Term
For cell membrane, to make ATP, bridging group
Definition
Phosphorus source
Term
Among 20 amino acids, 3 contain sulfur and all proteins contain those 3 amino acids
Definition
Sulfur source
Term
Fastidious (has complex growth requirements) E.coli will grow on glucose mineral salts, which is simplest growth media
Definition
Vitamins
Term
Co-factors in enzymes, necessary for activation of enzyme systems.
Definition
Minerals
Term
Universal solvent, relations to osmosis, 70-90% of a cell, buffering effect against temperature change
Definition
Water
Term
Organic NH2, Nitrification, Denitrification,Nitrogen fixation
Definition
Nitrogen Cycle
Term
Bonds in carbohydrates formed in dehydration synthesis where disaccharides and polysaccharides are formed
Definition
Glycosidic bond
Term
Bond formed in protein chains between amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of the adjacent amino acid
Definition
Peptide bond
Term
Catalytic agents of cells that lower activation energy
Definition
Enzyme
Term
Non-protein organic compound loosely bound to an enzyme (NAD+, NADP+, FAD+)
Definition
Coenzyme
Term
Inorganic ions firmly bound to an enzyme molecule, metallic ions (zinc copper, etc.)
Definition
Cofactor
Term
Lysozyme degrades bacterial cell wall in Gm + cells
Definition
Protoplast
Term
Lysozyme degrades bacterial cell wall in Gm - cells
Definition
Spheroplast
Term
Division of Gm - bacteria
Definition
Gracilicutes
Term
Division of Gm + bacteria
Definition
Fimicutes
Term
Division of wall free bacteria
Definition
Tenericutes
Term
Division of archaebacteria
Definition
Mendosicutes
Term
Phyocerythrin
Definition
Red algae pigments
Term
Fucoxanthin
Definition
Brown algae pigments
Term
Beta carotene and xanthophylls and chlorophyll c
Definition
Yellow and brown algae pigments
Term
Chlorophyll a and b
Definition
Green algae pigments
Term
Organisms can live in the presence or absence of oxygen
Definition
Facultative
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