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Exam 2
Clemson: comm 150 chapters 5-8,10&11
120
Communication
Undergraduate 1
10/12/2009

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
culture shock
Definition
the psychological discomfort of adjusting to a new cultural situation
Term
intercultural communication
Definition
interaction between people whose cultural assumptions are distinct enough to alter the communication event
Term
dominant culture
Definition
the attitudes, values, beliefs, and customs that the majority of people in a society hold in common
Term
co-cultures
Definition
groups of people living within a dominant culture but exhibiting communication that is sufficiently different to distinguish them from the dominant culture
Term
ethnicity
Definition
a classification of people based on combinations of shared characteristics such a nationality, geographic origin, language, religion, ancestral customs, and tradition
Term
religion
Definition
a system of beliefs shared by a group with objects fro devotion, rituals for worship, and a code of ethics.
Term
social class
Definition
an indicator of a person's position in a social hierarchy, as determined by income, education, occupation, and social habits.
Term
individualistic culture
Definition
emphasizes personal rights and responsibilities, privacy, voicing one's opinion, freedom, innovation, and self-expression.
Term
collectivist culture
Definition
emphasizes community, collaboration, shared interest, harmony, the public good, and avoiding embarrassment.
Term
low uncertainty-avoidance cultures
Definition
cultures characterized by greater acceptance of, and less need to control, unpredictable people, relationships, or events.
Term
high uncertainty-avoidance cultures
Definition
cultures characterzed by a low tolerance for, and a high need to control, unpredictable people, relationships, or events.
Term
high power distance
Definition
the cultural belief that inequalities in power, status, and rank are "natural" and that these differences should be acknowledged and accentuated.
Term
low power distance
Definition
the cultural belied that inequalities in power, status, and rank should be underplayed and muted
Term
masculine culture
Definition
a culture in which people are expected to adhere to traditional sex roles
Term
feminine culture
Definition
a culture in which people, regardless of sex, are expected to assume a variety of roles based on the circumstances and their own choices.
Term
ethnocentrism
Definition
the belief that one's own culture is superior to others
Term
altruism
Definition
a display of genuine and unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Term
egocentricity
Definition
a selfish interest in one's own needs, to the exclusion of everything else
Term
intercultural empathy
Definition
imaginatively placing yourself in the dissimilar other person's cultural world to attempt to experience what he or she is experiencing
Term
flexibility
Definition
the ability to adjust your communication to fit the other person and the situation
Term
acquaintances
Definition
people we know by name and talk with when the opportunity arises, but with whom our interactions are largely impersonal
Term
friends
Definition
people with whom we have negotiated more personal relationships that are voluntary
Term
close friends or intimates
Definition
people with whom we share a high degree of commitment, trust, interdependence, and disclosure, and enjoyment.
Term
platonic relationship
Definition
an intimate relationship in which the partners are not sexually attracted to each other of do not act on an attraction they feel
Term
romantic relationship
Definition
an intimate relationship in which the partners act on their sexual attraction
Term
trust
Definition
placing confidence in another in a way that almost always involves some risk
Term
self-disclosure
Definition
sharing biographical data, personal ideas, and feelings that are unknown to the other person
Term
feedback
Definition
verbal and physical responses to people (and/or their messages) within the relationship
Term
Johari Window
Definition
a tool for examining the relationship between disclosure and feedback in the relationship
Term
maintaining a relationship
Definition
behaving and communicating in ways that preserve a particular level of closeness or intimacy in a relationship
Term
listening
Definition
the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages.
Term
attending
Definition
the perceptual process of selecting and focusing on specific stimuli from the countless stimuli reaching the senses
Term
understanding
Definition
decoding a message accurately to reflect the meaning intended by the speaker
Term
empathy
Definition
intellectually identifying with or vicariously experiencing the feelings or attitudes of another
Term
empathic responsiveness
Definition
experienceing an emotional response parallel to, and as a result observing, another person's actual or anticipated display of emtion
Term
perspective taking
Definition
imagining yourself in the place of another; the most common form of empathizing
Term
sympathetic responsiveness
Definition
feeling concern, compassion, or sorrow for another because of the other's situation or plight
Term
question
Definition
a statement designed to get further information or to clarify information already recived
Term
paraphrasing
Definition
putting into words the ideas or feelings you have perceived from the message
Term
content paraphrase
Definition
one that focuses on the denotative meaning of the message
Term
feelings paraphrase
Definition
a response that captures the emotion attached to the content of the message
Term
remembering
Definition
being able to retain information and recall it when needed.
Term
mnemonic device
Definition
and artificial techniques used as a memory aid
Term
critical analysis
Definition
the process of evaluating what you have heard to determine its truthfulness
Term
factual statements
Definition
statements whose accuracy can be verified or proven
Term
inferences
Definition
statements made by the speaker that are based on facts or observations
Term
comfort
Definition
to help people fell better about themselves and their behavior
Term
supportive messages
Definition
comforting statements that have a goal to reassure, bolster, encourage, soothe, console, or cheer up
Term
clarify supportive intentions
Definition
openly stating that your goal in the conversation is to help your partner
Term
buffering
Definition
cushioning the effect of messages by utilizing both positive and negative politeness skills
Term
positive face needs
Definition
the desire to be appreciated and approved, liked, and honored
Term
negative face needs
Definition
the desire to be free from imposition of intrusion
Term
other-centered messages
Definition
statements that encourage our partners to talk about and elaborate on what happened and how they feel about it
Term
reframing
Definition
offering ideas, observations, information, and alternative explanations that might help your partner understand the situation in a different light.
Term
giving advice
Definition
presenting relevant suggestions and proposals that a person can use to satisfactorily resolve a situation
Term
relational dialectics
Definition
seemingly opposing forces (openness-closedness, autonomy-connection, and novelty-predictability) that occur in all interpersonal relationships
Term
self-disclosure
Definition
sharing biographical data, personal experiences, ideas, and feelings
Term
privacy
Definition
the right of an individual to keep biographical data, personal ideas, and feelings secret
Term
managing privacy
Definition
a conscious decision to avoid disclosure and to withhold information or feelings from a relational partner
Term
report-talk
Definition
a way to share information, display knowledge negotiate, and preserve independence
Term
rapport-talk
Definition
a way to share experiences and establish bonds with others
Term
describing feelings
Definition
the skill of naming the emotions you are feeling without judging them
Term
describing behavior
Definition
accurately recounting the specific behaviors of another without commenting on their appropriateness
Term
praise
Definition
describing the specific positive behaviors or accomplishments of another and the effect that behavior has on others
Term
constructive criticism
Definition
describing specific behaviors of another that hurt the person or that person's relationships with others
Term
passive behavior
Definition
not expressing personal preferences or defending our rights because we fear the cost and are insecure in the relationships, have very low self-esteem, or value the other person above ourself
Term
aggressive behavior
Definition
belligerently or violently confronting another with your preferences, feelings, needs, or rights with little regard for the situation or for the feelings or rights of others.
Term
assertive behavior
Definition
expressing your personal preferences and defending your personal rights while respecting the preferences and rights of others
Term
interpersonal conflict
Definition
when the needs or ideas of one person are at odds or in opposition to the needs or ideas of another
Term
withdrawing
Definition
managing conflict by physically or psychologically removing yourself
Term
accommodating
Definition
managing conflict by satisfying others' needs or accepting others' ideas while neglecting our own
Term
forcing
Definition
managing conflict by satisfying your own needs or advancing your own ideas, with no concern for the needs or ideas of the other and no concern for the harm done to the relationship
Term
compromising
Definition
managing conflict by giving up a part of what you want, to provide at least some satisfaction for both parties.
Term
collaborating
Definition
managing conflict by fully addressing the needs and issues of each party and arriving at a solution that is mutually satisfying
Term
work group
Definition
a collection of three of more people who must interact and influence each other to solve problems and accomplish a common purpose
Term
goal group
Definition
a future state of affairs desired by enough members of the group to motivate the group to work toward its achievement
Term
specific goal
Definition
a precisely stated, measurable, and behavioral goal.
Term
consistent goals
Definition
complementary goals; achieving one goal does not prevent the achievement of another
Term
challenging goals
Definition
goals that requre hard work and team effor; they motivate group members to do things beyond what they might normally accomplish
Term
acceptable goals
Definition
goals to which members feel personally committed
Term
homogeneous group
Definition
group in which members have a great deal of similarity
Term
heterogeneous group
Definition
group in which various demographics, levels or knowledge, attitudes, and interests are represented
Term
cohesiveness
Definition
the degree of attraction members have to each other and to the group's goal
Term
team-building activities
Definition
activities designed to help the group work better together
Term
norms
Definition
expectations for the way group members will behave while in the group
Term
ground rules
Definition
prescribed behaviors designed to help the group meet its goals and conduct its conversations
Term
synergy
Definition
a commonality of purpose and a complementariness of each other's efforts that produces a group outcome greater than an individual outcome
Term
face-to-face meeting
Definition
a meeting in which all members come together in one physical location to make a decision or solve a problem
Term
virtual meeting
Definition
a meeting in which people in various locations use technology to work together on a decision or problem
Term
forming
Definition
the initial stage of group development during which people come to feel valued and accepted so that they identify with the group
Term
storming
Definition
the stage of group development during which the group clarifies its goals and determines the roles each member will have in the group power structure.
Term
groupthink
Definition
a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment that results from in-group pressure
Term
norming
Definition
the stage of group development during which the group solidifies its rules for behaviors, especially those that relate to how conflict will be managed
Term
performing
Definition
the stage of group development when the skills, knowledge and abilities of all members are combined to overcome obstacles and meet goals successfully
Term
adjourning
Definition
the stage of group development in which members assign meaning to what they have done and determine how to end of maintain interpersonal relations they have developed
Term
questions of fact
Definition
questions concerned with discovering what is true or to what extent something is true
Term
questions of value
Definition
questions that concern subjective judgements of what is right, moral, good, or just.
Term
questions of policy
Definition
questions that concern what courses of action should be taken or what rules should be adopted to solve a problem
Term
questions of policy
Definition
questions that concern what courses of action should be taken or what rules should be adopted to solve a problem
Term
brainstorming
Definition
an uncritical, non evaluative process of generating associated ideas
Term
decision making
Definition
the process of choosing among alternatives
Term
role
Definition
a specific pattern of behavior that one group member performs based on the expectations of other group members
Term
task-related roles
Definition
specific patterns of behavior that directly help the group accomplish its goals
Term
initiator
Definition
a group member who gets the discussion started or moves it in a new direction
Term
information or opinion giver
Definition
a group member who provides content for the discussion
Term
information or opinion seeker
Definition
a group member who probes other for their factual ideas and opinions
Term
analyzer
Definition
a group member who probes the content, reasoning, and evidence of members during discussion
Term
orienter
Definition
a group member who indicates to the group that it is off track of summarizes points of agreement and disagreement among members
Term
maintenance roles
Definition
patterns of behavior that help the group develop and maintain good member relationships, group cohesiveness, and effective levels of conflict
Term
gatekeeper
Definition
a group member who ensures that everyone has an opportunity to speak and be heard
Term
encourager
Definition
a group member who provides support for the contributions of other team members
Term
harmonizer
Definition
a group member who helps the group relieve tension and manage conflict
Term
self-centered roles
Definition
patterns of behavior that focus attention on individuals' needs and goals at the expense of the group
Term
aggressor
Definition
a group member who seeks to enhance his or her own status by criticizing almost everything or blaming others when things get rough and y deflating the ego or status of others
Term
joker
Definition
a group member who attempts to draw attention to himself or herself by clowning, mimicking, or generally making a joke of everything
Term
withdrawer
Definition
a group member who meets his or her own goals at the expense of group goals by not participating in the discussion of the work of the group
Term
blocker
Definition
a group member who routinely rejects others' views and stubbornly disagrees with emerging group decisions
Term
leadership
Definition
is a process of influencing members to accomplish group goals
Term
formal leader
Definition
an assigned, appointed, or elected leader who is given legitimate power to influence others
Term
informal leaders
Definition
members of the group whose authority to influence stems from the power they gain through their interactions in the group
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