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| individual’s views about the fundamental nature of human beings, society, and economy; taken together, they comprise the political culture |
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| individual’s view about public policies, political parties, candidates, government institutions, and public officials |
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| political attitudes and core beliefs expressed by ordinary citizens as revealed by surveys |
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| an interview study asking questions of a set of people who are chosen as representative of the whole population |
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| the selection of survey respondents by chance, with equal probability, to ensure their representative of the whole population |
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| the process of which individuals come to have certain core beliefs and political attitudes |
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| people who identify with a party, vote in elections, and participate in additional party and party-candidate activities |
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| a system of interrelated and coherently patterned beliefs and attitudes. |
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| the political attitudes of the public as a whole, expressed as averages, percentages, or other summaries of many individual’s opinion |
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| Presidential approval rating |
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| a president’s standing with the public, indicated by the percentage of America who tell survey interviewers that they approve a president’s “handling of his job” |
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| the sense of belonging to one or another political party |
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| people favor government regulation of business and government spending for social programs |
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| people who favor private enterprise and oppose government regulations on spending |
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| Social (lifestyle) liberals |
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| people who favor civil liberties, abortion rights, and alternative lifestyles. |
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| Social (lifestyle) conservatives |
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| people who favor traditional social values; they tend to support strong law-and-order measures and oppose abortion and gay rights. |
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| citizens’ preference concerning what policies they want government to pursue |
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| the stance toward foreign policy that suggests that the United States should “go it alone” pursing its national interests without seeking the cooperation of other nations of multilateral institutions |
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| the policy of avoiding involvement in foreign affairs. |
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| the stance toward foreign policy that suggests that the United States should seek the cooperation of other nations and multilateral institutions in pursing its goals. |
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| a private voluntary association that seeks to influence public policy as a way to protect or advance some interest. |
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| an interest group or lobby; an association that brings pressure to bear on government decision makers. |
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| an interest or pressure group that seeks to convey the groups’ interest to government decision makers; also, an action by group or association to influence the behaviors of a public official |
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| Madison’s term for groups or parties that try to advance their own interest at the expense of the public good. |
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| a political scientist who views American politics as best understood in terms of the interaction, conflict, and bargaining of groups. |
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| a theory that locates the origins of interest groups in changes in the economic, social, or political environment that threaten the wellbeing of some segment of the population. |
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| one who gains a benefit without contributing: explains why it is so difficult to form social movements and noneconomic interest groups |
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| Private interest association |
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| an interest group that advocates for a cause or an ideology. |
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| an interest group organized to support a cause or ideology. |
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| practice of appropriating money for specific pet projects of members of congress |
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| the constituents, voters, or rank and file of a party |
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| Political action committee (PAC) |
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| an entity created by an interest group whose purpose is to collect money and make contributions to candidates in federal elections. |
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| - unregulated expenditures by political parties on general public education, voter registration, and voter mobilization; often used to indirectly influence campaigns for elective office, until banned after 2002 |
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| an enduring alliance of common interest among an interest group, a congressional committee, and a bureaucratic agency. |
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| regulated campaign contributions to candidate and party committees, as well as to political action committees |
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| the role of the media in scrutinizing the actions of government officials. |
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| sensational newspaper stories with large headlines and, in some cases, color cartoons |
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| digital and video files made readily available to interested people via computers and portable devices. |
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| the common term for a weblog, a website on which an individual or group posts text, photos, audio files, and more, on a regular basis for others to view and respond to. |
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| the merging of hard news and entertainment in news presentations. |
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| the assigned location where reporter regularly gathers news stories. |
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| inside or secret information given to a journalist or media outlet by a government official |
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| worth printing or broadcasting as news, according to editors’ judgments. |
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| news reported with no evaluative language and with any opinions quoted or attributed to a specific source. |
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| somewhat derisive term for print, broadcast, and radio commentators on the political news |
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| deviation from some ideal standard, such as representative or objectivity. |
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| influencing what people consider important |
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| providing for interpretation |
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| the government’s power to prevent publication, as opposed to punishment afterward. |
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| the former requirement that television stations present contrasting points of view. |
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| the former requirement that television stations give or sell the same amount of time to all competing candidates. |
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