Term
|
Definition
| breaking or refusing to follow a social rule, norms, expectations, etc. |
|
|
Term
| 2 Types of Social Control |
|
Definition
Informal - ridicule, laughter
Formal - authorities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a label - discredits a person's claim to be normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Durkheim
too little social regulation
(alienation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sutherland
people practice deviance through association with others, rewarded more than punished by "others" |
|
|
Term
| control theory (rational choice) |
|
Definition
| Hirschi weigh the pros/cons cost-benefit analysis of becoming deviant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Becker
social context, considered deviant by larger group/activity. labels used to categorize (ie. slut, whore, slore) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cloward and Ohlin
opportunities available ~ more likely to commit crimes |
|
|
Term
strain theory
& 5 reactions (CIRRR) |
|
Definition
Merton
deviance results out of inequality.
Conform - accept
Innovation - accept value, reject means. find a "new" way
Ritual - accept means, reject values
Rebellion - substitute norms & values
Retreat - rejects both, replaces with nothingness ~lead to suicide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Zimbardo
minor acts of violence lead to severe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| society organized by conflict rather than consensus. norms/values not equally distributed or accepted. inequality ensues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| murder/manslaughter, rape, robbery, aggravated assault |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| burglary, car theft, arson. no force or threat of force against a person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sutherland
illegal action of a corporation or people acting on its behalf, using authority to commit crime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using one's professional position to illegally secure something of value for oneself or for the corporation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| illegal in accordance with goals of an organization. antitrust violations, false advertising, price fixing, etc. |
|
|
Term
Marx & Social Class
- bourgeoisie
- proletariat |
|
Definition
ECONOMICALLY BASED
capitalists - own means of production, owning factories, farms, etc.
working class - forced to become wage laborers or go hungry |
|
|
Term
Weber & Social Class
3 dimensions of stratification |
|
Definition
Inequality present even if capitalism is overthrown, based on more than $.
1. Class position - relationship to production, worker or employer; income ; wealth
2. STATUS - prestige, what others think of you; status, based on lifestyle
3. POWER - ability to do what you want to do |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fixed/permanent, religious based
assigned to your position at birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fixed/born into it, Europe
mutual obligation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| based on economic position - occupation, income, possessions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to move up - or down - in the social rankings |
|
|
Term
| Intergenerational mobility |
|
Definition
| takes place WITHIN groups, not between them, largely influenced by family income. |
|
|
Term
| Intragenerational mobility |
|
Definition
| individual mobility over time, income of sons and daughters resemble parents' to a degree. SINGLE GENERATION. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cannot afford basic necessities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CAN afford basic needs, unable to maintain adequate standard of living |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not a result of individual, but of larger social/cultural factors.
laziness, lacking ambition, embedded into those born poor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lack or opportunity/education and social/cultural capital
ex: funds for college, southern accent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"one-drop rule"
Jim Crow laws, lost case because they still had separate but equal amenities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| negative beliefs/attitudes toward people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OVERT, ACTIONS
based on prejudice and stereotypes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
powerful form of prejudice
hierarchy, inferiority, superiority
systematically applied |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
generalization about a group
oversimplified, exaggerated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| members have less power and less access to resources, distinct difference apparent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social category, depends on an assumption of biological distinction to rate/organize small groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cultural heritage/customs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
middle-class backgrounds
well off, highly educated in comparison |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| great diversity, largest ethnicity in US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
biological
male, female, intersex/hermaphrodites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social expectations, behavior, masculinity/femininity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
understanding of ourselves as m/f
what we think it means to be m/f |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. domination of men over women
2. domination of one sex over same sex (ie virtue of class or race) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
process by which m/f taught the appropriate behaviors, attitudes, and traits
begins at birth, continues through life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psych-based term to define traits, attitudes, behaviors associated with bio m/f. |
|
|
Term
| social construction of gender |
|
Definition
| idea that gender is something we CONSTRUCT all through our lives using cultural materials we find around us. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
system of beliefs
1. Gender inequality defines our society
2. Inequality is wrong and must change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| focuses on individual woman's rights/opportunities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moves beyond discrimination economically & politically to argue that women are oppressed and subordinated by men |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| experience of being a woman of color cannot be extracted from being a woman. historical context of racial & class-based inequalities. |
|
|
Term
| 3 waves of feminist theory |
|
Definition
1. suffrage
2. careers, college, birth control
3. contemporary
- laws, education, equal opportunity |
|
|
Term
Theories & Gender
1 Functionalism
2 Conflict Theory
3 Symbolic Interactionism
4 Multiculturalism
5 Globalism |
|
Definition
1 differences are okay
2 hierarchy
3 internalized
4 race affects inequalities
5 |
|
|
