Term
| Step 1: attachment/adhesion |
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Definition
Virus binds to receptor proteins by ligand protiens which are
Phage: tail fibers
Naked: capsomeres
Enveloped: peplomers |
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Term
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Definition
Genetic material enters cytoplasm
Phage: lysozyme and contraction of tail capsid remains outside
Naked: Phagocytosis, uncoating in cytoplasm (breaking free of vesicle) DIRECT ENTRY
Enveloped: Fusion of envelope and cell membrane, phagocytosis, DIRECT ENTRY
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Term
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Definition
Host genome may deteriorate (phage, some animal viruses)
Genome of virus: directs all cell activities, stops normal activity to produce viral parts
2 main molecule types that must be produced during this stage are genome copies and protiens |
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Term
| Step 4: Assembly (maturation) |
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Definition
Capsomeres put together to form a capsid
Genetic material is placed in capsid
Enzymes are placed in capsid
(Enveloped: peplomers are placed in cell membrane) |
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Term
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Definition
Phages: Host cell explodes
Naked: Host cell explodes
Enveloped: Viruses bud out, gain envelope and peplomers |
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Term
Lysogenic Life cycle
Step 3- Incorporation |
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Definition
Join host cell genome, incorporated viral genes called provirus
Trigger activates expression of viral genes
Chemical, physical, emotional trauma; age, hormones, imunesystem weak, UV radiation, etc. |
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Term
| Lysogenic viruses associated with cancer |
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Definition
Dormant/ latent virus- triggered later
Persistant infection- continuous release- cell lives
Tumor formation- Oncogene activation |
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Term
| Loss of tumor suppressor genes |
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Definition
| Normally ON- funtion to inhibit mitosis in abnormal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Normally ON- function to cause abnormal cells to commit suicide |
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Term
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Definition
| Normally OFF- function to grow new blood vessels into mass of new cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Normally OFF- function to seperate and spread of cells |
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Term
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Definition
Bovine Spongiform encephalopathy
Diagnosis- appearance of brain at autopsy
Plaques or fibrous masses of protiens block normal nerve cell movement, brain becomes spongy |
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Term
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Definition
PrP^c
Alpha helix (flexible) |
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Term
| Deformed version of protiens |
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Definition
PrP^Sc
Beta sheet (flat and stiff) |
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Term
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Definition
found in sheep
symptoms: scrape bodies raw by rubbing against fences, posts, etc. Gradual loss of strength, inability to stand, and erratic behavior
Specific Prion Disease |
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Term
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Definition
1st human prion disease studied
Symptoms: Trembling disease- gradual loss of motor control and death
transmitted by cannibalism
More common in women and children than men |
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Term
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
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Definition
typical disease found in elder humans
HEREDITARY |
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Term
| Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob |
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Definition
seen in England
Younger recipients, no genetic component
link to eating beef from BSE infected cows, more specifically, bone-containing cuts of meat.
link to head injury
PRION DISEASE |
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Term
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Definition
Found in North America, transmitted by mule deer, elk, (white tail deer), possibly squirrel population
Symptoms: Body can't absorb nutrients and eats at it's own tissues |
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