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| 8th Century, Water lifting device that preceeded the water-wheel; has similar appearance. Was used in India, Middle Eas, and Islamic Empire. Buckets are connected at slight angles all around the wheel which then lifts the water to desired height. Powered by men and animals who turn wheel. Allowed small landowners to exploit their holdings effectively |
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| Reaches Europe around 1000. Moldboard Plow: Made farming more efficient, iron blade meant superior cutting ability; moldboard, pulled by a team of oxen. Most helpful in Northern Europe. Very difficult to turn around which caused long and narrow fields. More expensive |
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| Construction begins 122 AD. Built under emperor Hadrian in Great Britian; built on the Scottish border to keep out Barbarians. A way to show Roman power and used as a way to show intimidation. Built by the Roman Army b/c they didn't have anything to do when they weren't fighting. Towns develop around the wall. Large ditches on either side. |
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| 80 AD, built under Vespasian. Two story structure that was built beneath the main battelfield of the Collosseum. Allowed people and animals to be lifted by pulleys/ elevators to fight as an element of surprise. People could still watch the fights happening below, a maze type thing where one needs to fight his way through |
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| 1300 Two stage iron process; better quality iron. Uses water powered bellows through means of a cam shaft. Heated iron to liquid, let it set it molds and then heated it again to form wraught iron. Replaced older bloomenes due to efficiency of combining both fire and water power. More capital intensive: demanding of labor/resources. Contributed to defrostation problem in Europe. |
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| 819-826 AD "Ideal monastery plan" that was drawn on parchment (blueprint). Idea that the monastery was a self sufficient unit. Came from Benedictan thought |
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| 529 AD. Concept that work is a form of worship, church has some political power (most). His ideas result in a decline of slavery, created the Benedictine Order. Said world was a transitory place & peace, pray, and work. Expansion of technological ideas through all monastary |
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| Introduced in late 8th century: system of rotating crops with the seasons, always leaving one fallow, allowed more protein to enter humans diets and resulted in better quality of crops. Expanded their choices of food and better diets, used in land South of Alps, Beans began to be used and enriched soil and more nutrions |
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| 600 BC, swere channel in Rome; used for draining marsh lands that were then used for the first Roman forum, first engineering accomplishment. Pozzolana was used for concrete to dry underwater, showed great use of technology |
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| "War Wolf" 1100 started in China to fling objects; Arabs came up with idea of a counterweight, uses gravity to pull down counterweihts which were usually made of lead or large swinging boxes, forced castle walls to be built taller, trebuchets were more effective/powerful when they were built on wheels, tipped adv to offense |
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| First seen in Durham Cathedral in Britian 1093, used less material than regular buttresses but still gave support and allowed greater height, stone roofs were used instead of wood, allowed more open space and light, key aspect of Gothic Style |
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| Started in 212, finished in 217 built by Caracalla in Rome, most magnificent of the bath complexes, place of social gathering for ALL citizens, it could accomidate 2000 people at once, cold/hot pools; hot pools were heated by furnaces beneath the building, one of the last great Roman feats, used about 500,000 gallons of water a day |
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