During an inflammatory response, phagocytes move through the walls of venules and capillaries into tissue spaces. This is called:

A) chemotaxis

B) diapedesis

C) margination

D) leukocytosis

B) diapedesis

If the connections between the vagus nerve and the heart are severed, the

A) heart will beat slower

B) stroke volume will decrease

C) cardiac output will decrease

D) none of the above

D) none of the above

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all the following regions, except:

A) right side of the head

B) upper lobe of the left lung

C) left arm and shoulder

D) body regions below the diaphragm

A) right side of the head

Sarah falls on a sharp sword and cuts several major blood vessels in her thigh. As a result of the injury you would expect to observe all of the following, except:

A) increase in heart rate

B) increased secretion of renin by the kidneys

C) increased total peripheral resistance

D) increase in blood pressure

B) increased secretion of renin by the kidneys

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) causes Na⁺ excretion in the urine to ____, which causes blood volume to ____.

A) decrease; decrease

B) decrease; increase

C) increase; decrease

D) increase; increase

C) increase; decrease

The only antibody that crosses the placental barrier is:

A) IgA

B) IgM

C) IgD

D)IgG

E) IgE

D)IgG

The primary immune response:

A) is another name for immunological memory

B) occurs when memory cells are stimulated

C) occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response

D) has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells

D) has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells

Assume that an athlete's resting heart rate is 70 bpm. According to the right atrial (Bainbridge) reflex, when his venous return increases as he starts to exercise, his heart rate will:

A) increase

B) decrease

C) no change

A) increase

____ are clusters of lymphatic nodules located in the distal portion of the small intestine.

A) tonsils

B) adenoids

C) Peyer's patches

D) lymph glands

C) Peyer's patches

Natural killer cells:

A) are part of the specific immune system

B) act by coating the pathogen

C) engulf pathogens

D) kill cancer cells and virus infected cells by releasing chemicals onto the target cell membrane

D) kill cancer cells and virus infected cells by releasing chemicals onto the target cell membrane

Which of the following is matched incorrectly?

A) type I hypersensitivity: IgE

B) type II hypersensitivity: IgG

C) type III hypersensitivity: immune complexes

D) type IV hypersensitivity: IgG

E) type IV hypersensitivity: delayed hypersensitivity

D) type IV hypersensitivity: IgG

Calculate the cardiac output from the following data:

 -mean pulmonary arterial pressure = 25 mmHg

 -mean pulmonary venous pressure = 1 mmHg

 -mean total pulmonary resistance (TPR) = 4 mmHg.min/L

A) 6 L/min

B) 4 L/min

C) 5 L/min

D) 5.5 L/min

A) 6 L/min

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the adaptive immune system?

A) it is antigen specific

B) it has memory

C) it is specific for a given organ

D) it is systemic

C) it is specific for a given organ

Innate defenses would be?

A) defenses that change over time

B) natural killer cells

C) antimicrobial proteins

D) A & B

E) B & C

E) B & C

List the order of events for the antimicrobial protein, interferon:

1. arrival proteins block viral reproduction

2. cell produces interferon molecules

3. virus enters cell

4. interferon genes switch on

5. interferon binding stimulates cell to turn on genes from antiviral proteins

A) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1

B) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1

C) 3, 4, 2, 5, 1

D) 1, 2, 4, 5, 3

C) 3, 4, 2, 5, 1

B cells act against target cells directly, by killing the foreign cell or indirectly by releasing chemical mediators.

True or False

False

T cells, bind to the cell inactivating them temporarily and marking them for destruction by phagocytes or compliment.

True or False

True

T cells become immunocompetent and self-tolerant in the ____; B cells in the ____.

A) spleen; spleen

B) bone marrow; thymus

C) bone marrow; bone marrow

D) thymus; bone marrow

D) thymus; bone marrow

It is our genes, that determine what specific foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist.

True or False

True

How does MAP relate to autoregulation? Choose all that apply:

A) MAP changes with changing arterial blood pressure

B) MAP can be compared to the water pressure in a town's water delivery system

C) MAP has little or nothing to do with autoregulation

D) Blood flow through capillary bed increases

A, B & D

What happens when cells in a particular area require enhanced blood delivery and the appropriate autoregulatory stimuli are present? Choose all that apply:

A) the precapillary sphincters constrict

B) the arterioles dilate

C) the shunt is active

D) substances move across the capillary walls

B & D

Why are the hydrostatic and osmotic pressures of the interstitial fluid normally so low?

A) few proteins leak out of the capillaries

B) leaked proteins are reabsorbed by the true capillaries

C) high hydrostatic and osmotic pressures can only be developed in the capillaries.

Interferon or complement? 

modulate inflammation

Interferon

Interferon or complement?

mark cells for phagocytosis

Complement

Interferon or complement?

cytokines

Interferon

Interferon or complement?

interfere with viral replications

Interferon

Interferon or complement?

plasma proteins

Complement

Interferon or complement?

kill some bacteria by themselves

Complement

Interferon or complement?

activate immune cells

Interferon

Interferon or complement?

promote inflammation

Complement

Site of lymphocyte maturation (primary lymphoid organs)

Bone marrow and thymus

autoimmune disease

naive lymphocyte

lymph nodes and spleen

immunocompetent

negative selection

self-tolerant

positive selection

Helper T cells play an important role in B cell activation. Place in the correct order:

____ T cell releases cytokines

____ B cell migrates keeper into cortex

____ B cell binds antigen

____ T cell binds MHC protein bearing antigen

4, 1, 3, 2