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Definition
refers to any behavior that departs from society or group norms.
It is “socially constructed” |
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Term
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Definition
what is considered deviant varies across time and place.
→so it depends when you’re talking about, or where
→ex. Prohibition, alcohol completely banned, today it is legal for over 21
→Smoking marijuana illegal in the US, but legal in Amsterdam |
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Definition
refers to the ways that we promote conformity to norms.
(making sure people don’t do bad stuff) |
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“punishment/threat of punishment”:
is when norms are formed through sanctions (rewards/punishments or “threat of punishment”) ex. Lucy decides not to cheat because she’s worried she’ll be busted and get a zero. |
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Term
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Definition
is when you internalize norms (you feel yucky/guilty about it/conscience)
ex. Lucy FEELS yucky/guilty/whatever about cheating. |
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Term
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Definition
(in this order):
1. STRAIN THEORY
2. CONTROL THEORY
3. CULTURAL TRANSMISSION THEORY
4. LABELING THEORY |
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Term
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Definition
deviance result from the conflict between goals and means (if you can’t get something done the “right” way, then you’ll do it the “deviant” way)
(soccer moms using speed) |
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Term
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Definition
looks at bonds you have with other people
*read →strong social bonds help prevent deviance, while weak social bonds may lead to deviance. |
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| Cultural Tranmission Theory |
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Definition
| deviance is learned in primary groups (gang behavior) you can also learn deviant behavior from other groups such as your own family. |
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Definition
| deviance exists when some members of a society or group label someone as deviant |
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Term
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Definition
| primary deviation, secondary deviation, self fulfilling prophecy |
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Term
| Primary Deviation (Labeling Theory) |
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Definition
| First transgression or first act |
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Term
| Secondary Deviation (Labeling Theory) |
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Definition
| When you are caught; you are labeled by people around you as deviant; and you start to INTERNALIZE that label. (you start to believe that label is true) |
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| Self Fulfilling Prophecy (in Labeling Theory) |
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Definition
| When you start to engage in even more deviant behavior. |
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Term
| FBI Uniform Crime Reports |
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Definition
| are data that are volunteered by police departments across the United States. |
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| Criticism of FBI Uniform Crime Reports |
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Definition
| (main) ignores different types of crime |
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Term
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Definition
| are committed against a person or their property |
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| usually committed by people in the upper class, and usually has to do with their business activities. |
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Definition
| false advertising, selling faulty products, workplace discrimination, hazardous working conditions |
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| White Collar and Corporate Crimes VS. Street Crimes |
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Definition
White collar and corporate crimes not only costs money, but it also costs people’s lives.
Research shows that every single year, 5 times more people die from hazardous working conditions, than are murdered. |
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Term
| How does the U.S. compare to other nations in the number of people relative to the population it imprisons? |
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Definition
| We are the incarceration leaders. |
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Term
| Over half the people in prison are there for what offense? |
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Definition
| For non-violent drug offenses. |
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Term
| Does prison work to prevent future crimes? Why? |
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Definition
| No. Because of recidivism rates are high. |
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Term
| Does prison work to prevent crimes in the first place? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| You do prison time, you are released, you get re-arrested, and then you get sent back to prison. "rearrested and sent back" |
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Term
| What is the rate of recidivism in U.S. prisons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some possible reasons why prison does not seem to be an effective method of crime control? |
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Definition
| Most prisons have a very violent subculture, Lack of reintegration, Lack of rehabilitation (any program to help change behavior), Label “criminal” never goes away (which impairs people when filling out applications for school/jobs, etc; as well as affecting people psychologically through “labeling theory” where they even will label him/herself as criminal. |
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Term
| How do victim-offender mediation programs work? |
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Definition
| Supervised meeting between victim and offender, where they can talk, ask questions, and let it all out in a safe environment. |
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Term
| How does the Plan of Restitution work? |
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Definition
| It's a way to figure out how the offender will pay you back. |
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Term
| Do victim-offender mediation programs work? |
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Definition
| Statistics show that this method lowers recidivism, less likely for offender to commit more crimes. |
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| What are some alternatives to prison? |
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Definition
| Programs such as victim-offender mediation, and plan of restitution. |
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Term
| Which crimes are recognized by Uniform Crime Reports? |
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Definition
| murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft |
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Term
| Which crimes are usually omitted by Uniform Crime Reports? |
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Definition
| White collar crimes/upper class crimes, usually related with their business activities. |
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Term
| Japan’s reintegrative shaming as an alternative to prison – how does this approach work? |
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Definition
| It is a form of punishment that maintains the ties of the offender to the community, where there is fear of being shamed within one's community is an important deterrent to crime. |
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Term
| Japan’s reintegrative shaming as an alternative to prison – what are the two kinds? |
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Definition
| Stigmatizing (labeling and reinforcing person's criminal conduct), and Reintegrating (community are brought in to state their condemnation of behavior and rebuild social bonds of individuals as criminal reintegrates into community) |
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Term
| Japan’s reintegrative shaming as an alternative to prison – does it work? |
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Definition
| Stigmatizing, no. Reintegration, yes. Japan practices this and it is one of the countries with lowest crime rates in the world. |
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