Term
| Green algae called _______ are the closest relatives of land plants. |
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Definition
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Term
| In charophytes a layer of a durable polymer called ___________ prevents exposed zygotes from drying out. |
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Definition
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Term
| Land presented challenges to charophyte ancestors. These were: |
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Definition
| a scarcity of water and lack of structural support |
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Term
| Some biologists think the plant kingdom should be expanded to include some or all ____ ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Four key traits appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the charophytes |
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Definition
1. Alternation of generations (with multicellular, dependent embryos)
2. Walled spores produced in sporangia
3. Multicellular gametangia
4. Apical meristems |
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Term
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Definition
| waxy coating on plants that helps hold water and fend off microbial attack |
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Term
| Plants alternate between two multicellular stages, a reproductive cycle called ___________ of ________. |
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Definition
| alternation of generations |
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Term
| The gametophyte is ______ and produces _________ ________by mitosis. |
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Definition
| haploid and haploid gametes |
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Term
| Fusion of the gametes during fertilization, during the life cycle of plants, forms ________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Meiosis in a mature sporophyte produces ________ ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reproductive cells that can develop into a new haploid organism without fusing with another cell. |
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Term
| Mitotic division of the zygote (during the plant life cycle) produces a multicellular ________ _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sporophyte produces spores in the multicellular organs called sporangia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diploid cells called sporocytes undergo meiosis to generate ________ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Spore walls contain __________, which makes them resistant to harsh environments. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gametes are produced within organs called _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Female gametangia, called ________, produce eggs and are the site of fertilization |
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Definition
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Term
| Male gametangia, called __________, are the site of sperm production and release |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants sustain continual growth in their ______ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| localized regions of cell division at the tips of shoots and roots |
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Term
| Land plants can be informally grouped based on the presence or absence of _______ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body. |
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Term
| Vascular plants have two types of vascular tissue: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| conducts most of the water and minerals and includes dead cells called tracheids |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of living cells and distributes sugars, amino acids, and other organic products |
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Term
| The Seedless plants of the vascular plants are composed of both _______ and __________ |
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Definition
| lycophytes and pterophytes |
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Term
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Definition
| club mosses and their relatives |
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Term
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Definition
| ferns and their relatives |
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Term
| The seed plants of the vascular plants are _________ and ___________. |
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Definition
| gymnosperms and angiosperms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the “naked seed” plants, including the conifers |
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Term
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Definition
| an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bryophytes are represented today by three phyla of small herbaceous (nonwoody) plants.... |
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Definition
1.Liverworts
2.Hornworts
3.Mosses
mosses are most closly related to vascular plants |
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Term
| The height of gametophytes is constrained by lack of _____ _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mature gametophytes produce flagellated sperm in antheridia and an egg in each ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bryophyte sporophytes grow out of _________, and are the smallest and simplest sporophytes of all extant plant groups |
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Definition
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Term
| A typical byrophyte sporophyte consistes of a _______, a _______, and a ________. |
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Definition
| a foot, a seta, and a sporangium. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sporangium, also called a ________, which discharges spores through a peristome. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a ring of interlocking, tooth like structures located in the upper part of the capsule. These "teeth" open under dry conditions and close again when it is moist. |
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Term
| Living vascular plants are characterized by 3 things: |
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Definition
1. Life cycles with dominant sporophytes
2. Vascular tissues called xylem and phloem
3. Well-developed roots and leaves |
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Term
The ________ are tiny plants that grow on or below the soil surface (seedless plants)
or are gamete producing areas found in male and female reproductive structures like, cones, ovaries, and anthers (seed plants) |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ are organs that anchor vascular plants |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ enable vascular plants to absorb water and nutrients from the soil |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Leaves are organs that increase the surface area of vascular plants, thereby capturing more solar energy that is used for photosynthesis |
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Term
| Seedless vascular plants have ______ ________ and are usually restricted to moist environments (like bryophytes) |
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Definition
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Term
| Sori are found on some ferns and are groups of ______. |
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Definition
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