Term
| Name all potential AD drugs |
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Definition
| Aspirin, naproxen, lovastatin, antihypertensives, doneprezil, rivastigmine, memantine, and caffeine |
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Term
| Name all potential Parkinson's Disease drugs |
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Definition
| Levadopa + carbidopa=Sinemet, entacapone, benzatropine, bromcriptine, amantadine, selegiline, apomorphine |
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Term
| Name the old drug used for PD that is now used for treating motion sickness |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 2 key physical signs of AD |
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Definition
| Amyloid plaques, fibrillary tangles |
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Term
| Anti-degeneration drugs for AD |
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Definition
| NSAIDS (naproxen and aspirin), statins (e.g. lovastatin), antihypertensives, |
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Term
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Definition
| 2-years NSAID tx taken long before reduced later AD risk by 55% |
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Term
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Definition
| May reduce AD risk by reducing hypercholesterolemia |
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Term
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Definition
| High bp in middle age correlates with increased AD incidence later |
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Term
| Which neurotransmitters would you choose to enhance attention, memory and/or alertness? |
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Definition
| Glutamate, and Acetylcholine |
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Term
| Reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors for minor enhancement of neurotransmission and cognition in AD |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
CNS selective
Acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor
cholinergic side effects
NO direct hepatotoxicity
Hepatotoxic interactions (drug of choice for AD patients who are NOT on multi-drug regimens) |
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Term
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Definition
-ALSO CNS acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor
-short half-life, but more sustained action than Donepezil
-also cholinergic side effects
-also no direct hepatotoxicity
-NO HEPATOTOXIC drug interactions
DRUG OF CHOICE FOR PTS on multi-drug regimens |
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Term
| Reversible NDMAr antagonists for AD patients |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-reversible NMDAr antagonist
-moderate affinity for the NMDA glutamate receptor allows it to be knocked off by big pulses of glutamate during learning
-therefore, it blocks low-level chronic glutamate toxicity but still allows learning
-Additive benefit (longer delay of cognitive decline) when used with reversible cholinesterase inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
| Caffeine (Brain adenosine-sleep receptor blocker, cAMP and Ca2+ enhancing stimulant)----may delay onset of AD with longterm use...Possibly an AD vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
| Bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity/akinesia |
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Term
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Definition
| Rarely genetic, may be triggered by antipsychotics, toxins like MPTP, CO, CN; encephalitis; Concussions (repetitive) |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of DA Input on D2 Receptors. Also when ACh is released form the Caudate onto D2 receptors, it inhibits movement |
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Term
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Definition
Levodopa is a precursor to DA but only 5% gets into blood-brain barrier to be converted into DA. Resulting metabolite causes nausea and vomiting. Peripheral DA and NE toxicity!
NEED Carbidopa which inhibits peripheral decarboxylation of L-Dopa to DA, allowing more L-Dopa to get into brain. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Peripheral COMT inhibitor, blocks synthesis of inactive L-Dopa metabolite that competes with L-Dopa at blood-brain barrier. Decreases L-Dopa elimination and increases half-life and bioavailability. EXTENDS SINEMET DURATION OF ACTION AND DECREASES ITS "ON/OFF" AND "WEARING OFF" EFFECTS. |
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Term
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Definition
Bradykinesia/akinesia reduced
-tremor reduced less consistently
-Life expectancy increased but no cure!
-BENEFIT PER DOSE SHORTENS AS DISEASE PROGRESSES: MOTOR FLUCTUATIONS |
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Term
| Side effects of Levodopa or Sinemet |
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Definition
-Orthostatic hypotension, nausea/vomiting
-Dyskinesia, psychiatric effects (including psychosis) |
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Term
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Definition
First PD Drug was Scopolamine
-Anticholinergics used in early stage PD
-Tremor often responds better than L-Dopa
-ACh stimulates motion suppression, so anti-cholinergics enhance motion
E.G. Benzatropine |
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Term
| Side effects of Anticholinergics |
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Definition
Low therapeutic index, SLUD
IN ELDERLY: SLUD, Sedation, delerium, tachycardia |
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Term
| Side effects of Anticholinergics |
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Definition
Low therapeutic index, SLUD
IN ELDERLY: SLUD, Sedation, delerium, tachycardia |
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Term
| Side effects of Anticholinergics |
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Definition
Low therapeutic index, SLUD
IN ELDERLY: SLUD, Sedation, delerium, tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
None of these are effective as L-Dopa
-use as monotherapy for early stage PD
-Use as adjunct therapy for late stage PD
-mimics DA, BUT LONGER HALF-LIFE THAN L-Dopa, and more prolonged action on DA receptors
-SIDE EFFECTS: Can cause dyskinesias and hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
D2 Receptor agonist
-monotherapy early PD, adjunct therapy late PD
-can treat PD-associated hyperprolactinemia (DA needs to act on D2 receptors in pituitary to block prolaction secretion)
-SIDE EFFECT: fibrosis, as well as dyskinesis and hallucinations typical of DA or other DA receptor agonists |
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Term
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Definition
-antiviral drug (PD therapeutic effect first noted on elderly flu pts)
-Enhances DA release from SNc;
Blocks GLU(GLU & ACh may have similar roles in caudate)
-Early PD monotherapy, late PD adjunct therapy |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits metabolism of DA to DOPAC via MAO-B inhibition; USE: DA-like effects; Early PD monotherapy, later adjunct therapy
ONLY Mild benefit; expensive!
SIDE EFFECT: Interacts with tricyclic and SSRI antidepressants--> serotonin syndrome (inc BP) |
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Term
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Definition
"Off" State Emergency Rescue Drug
-Powerful D1/D2 agonist.
-Rescues PD pts rapidly from an "off" (immobile) state |
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