Term
| What cells are the class I MHC molecules found on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the T lymphoctes and B lymphocytes found in speen? |
|
Definition
In the PALS area;
T = central area
B = follicles |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for B cells and Natural Killer cells in peripheral blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokine names include interleukin, interferon, _______, ______, and ________ |
|
Definition
Chemokine
Tumor necrosis factor
Hematopoietic growth factors |
|
|
Term
| Cytokine; stimulates and regulates WBC movement from blood to tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the antigen-independent lymphopoiesis occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokine that acts on cell that produces it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of PMN cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Genes inherited as a set (A, B, C, DR, DP, & DQ) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protein antigen- allows the T cell to help the B cell produce memory cells, switch antibody classes, and increase affinity for antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Instrument (flow cytometer) setting that allows analysis of a particular set of cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the NK cells killing methods? |
|
Definition
| ABY-Independent cell cytotoxicity and ABY-Dependent cell cytotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| What are the human MHC Antigens called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cell-surface molecules that are designed by CD nomenclature |
|
Definition
| Cluster of differentiation; referred to as CD marker or CD antigen |
|
|
Term
| What is the process by which certain WBCs engulf and kill invaders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is present in the immature B cell stage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the T cell dependent antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of follicular dendritic cells? |
|
Definition
| Involved in selection of B memory cells |
|
|
Term
| Where are follicular dendritic cells located? |
|
Definition
| Located in spleen and lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| What is the principle of PCR |
|
Definition
| Amplify a particular DNA sequence using template DNA, DNA polymerase, etc. |
|
|
Term
| What area on chromosome 6 codes for class I MHC proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of the secondary immune response? |
|
Definition
Short Lag phase
Primarily production of IgG (due to memory cells) |
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity is generally produced by vaccines? |
|
Definition
| Primarily humoral immunity |
|
|
Term
| Process of cell's self destruction (suicide) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Molecule that transports antigen to cell surface for presentation to CD4 T cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Substance that stimulates the proliferation of many different clones of lymphocytes; for example, concanavalin A activates T cells and lipopolysaccharide activates B cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Migration of cells along a concentration gradient of an attractant, such as bacteria protein & complement components |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Different forms of gene (As, A1, A10, etc.) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the principle of the cell sorter (fluorescence-activated cell sorter or FACS)? |
|
Definition
| Identifies cells of interest using + & - charges |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the red pulp in the spleen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Surface proteins transmit signal to activate T (such as CD3) & B cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What CD marker is used to identify T helper cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Substance which binds with antibody or sensitized cells but may not be able to evoke an immune response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the plasma cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity is generated by the individual through vaccination or infection & provides long-term protection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of basophils? |
|
Definition
| Important in hypersensitivity (allergies) reactions |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of interferon? |
|
Definition
| Interfere with viral replication; activate macrophages |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for CD4 cells in peripheral blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the cutaneous associated lymphoid tissue located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glycoprotein made in response to immunogen |
|
Definition
| Antibody (immunoglobulin) |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of T helper cell? |
|
Definition
| Produce cytokines that regulate humoral & cell-mediated immunity |
|
|
Term
| What type of antigen is from a particular species and capable of eliciting an immune response in a different species? |
|
Definition
| Heteroantigen/heterophile |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages of T-cell dependent antigen? |
|
Definition
| Protein antigen stimulates class switching, affinity maturation, & memory cells |
|
|
Term
| Where does antigen-dependent lymphopoiesis occur? |
|
Definition
| Secondary lymphoid tissues |
|
|
Term
| Cytokine that acts on a nearby cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibody binding site; single antigen site |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cell markers are lacking in the double-negative T cell maturation stage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which event is missing from following phagocytic sequence:
physical contact
phagosome formation
release of debris (exocytosis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the correct order for the inflammation process:
a. Increase in capillary permeability
b. Migration of macrophages to the injured area
c. Increase in blood supply to the affected area
d. Migration of neutrophils to the injured area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of natural immunity? |
|
Definition
| Rapid response, nonspecific response, & no memory capability |
|
|
Term
| Small molecule that is nonimmunogenic unless complexed with a larger carrier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are acute phase reactants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of class II MHC molecules? |
|
Definition
| Present antigen to CD4 T helper cells |
|
|
Term
| Molecule that transport antigen to cell surface for presentation to CD8 T cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of cytotoxic T cells? |
|
Definition
| Kill infected (microbes) & cancerous cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary lymphoid tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of eosinophils? |
|
Definition
| Associated with parasitic infections & allergies |
|
|
Term
| Identify the correct order and stages of B maturation? |
|
Definition
| Pro-B, pre-B, immature, & mature |
|
|
Term
| Study of noncellular components in the blood (antigens & antibodies) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give two examples of opsonins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of hematopoietic growth factors? |
|
Definition
| Stimulate the proliferation & differentiation of blood cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of the primary immune response? |
|
Definition
| Long lag phase & primary production of IgM |
|
|
Term
| What is generally the source of superantigen? |
|
Definition
| Antigen is typically bacterial protein |
|
|
Term
| What do the TCR and BCR recognized and bind to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Humoral immunity is mediated by ____________ that are produced by ____ _____ for the purpose of eliminating extracellular pathogens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of dendritic cells? |
|
Definition
| Phagocytic cells found in the tissue; APC |
|
|
Term
| Locus on chromosome that encodes for peptide-binding molecule |
|
Definition
| Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) |
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity is the result of prior experience with an antigen? |
|
Definition
| Acquired (adaptive, specific) immunity |
|
|
Term
| What is the principle of the nucleic acid probe? |
|
Definition
| Uses DNA or RNA for detection of particular MO or group of MOs |
|
|
Term
| True or False--Positive selection in the T cell maturation includes two processes. The creation of T cells that recognize self MHC molecules and cells that are either CD4 or CD8 (cells with class I or II MHC restrictions). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokine that acts on distance cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of class I MHC molecules? |
|
Definition
| Present antigen to CD8 cytoxtoxic T cells |
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity is received from someone else & provides short-term protection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokine that mediates Gram negative infections; recruits WBCs to infection & activates cells to eradicate microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the flow cytometer identify cells? |
|
Definition
| Uses forward and lateral light scattering |
|
|
Term
| What is the flow cytometer used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of antigen is found in another member of the host's species and capable of eliciting an immune response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of memory cells? |
|
Definition
| To respond rapidly with subsequent encounter with antigen |
|
|
Term
| Protection as a result of prior experience with antigen |
|
Definition
| Acquired (adaptive, specific) immunity |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for CD8 cells in peripheral blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What distinguishes the two subsets of T cells? |
|
Definition
| The subsets produce different cytokines |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary phagocytic cells? |
|
Definition
| Neutrophil, monocyte, macrophage, & dendritic |
|
|
Term
| Where is the mucosal associated lymphoid tissue located? |
|
Definition
| Gastrointestinal, respiratory, & urogenital tract |
|
|
Term
| What CD marker is used to identify cytotoxic T cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the T cell independent antigens? |
|
Definition
| Nonprotein antigen, such as carbohydrates or lipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reaction of body to physical, chemical or microbial agents |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of macrophages-monocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Know alleles but not haplotypes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of CD2 on the T cell? |
|
Definition
| Receptor for sheep RBCs (rosette formation)-used to detect & identify T cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what T cell maturation stage does the CD3-TCR complex appear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some examples of acute phase reactants are ___________ & ___________. |
|
Definition
CRP (C-reactive protein)
Complement |
|
|
Term
| Non-protein antigen - T cell does not help B cell produce memory cells, class switching, or affinity maturation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the CD markers associated with NK cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the secondary lymphoid tissues? |
|
Definition
| Antigen filtration/sites for antigen-lymphocyte interaction (dating bars) |
|
|
Term
| Once the TCR has recognized the antigen, which CD marker transmits that information into the cell for activation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
| Responsible for acquired immune responses (humoral & cell mediated) |
|
|
Term
| What are the secondary lymphoid tissues? |
|
Definition
| Spleen, lymph nodes, MALT & CALT |
|
|
Term
| Internal defenses are not generally exposed to environmental substances & include: |
|
Definition
| Phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, acute phase reactants, cytokines, & cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the CD markers associated with T lymphocyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IgM produced first; followed by heavy chain change to IgG, IgA, &/or IgE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of antigen belongs to the host and usually not capable of eliciting an immune response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for T cells in peripheral blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Injecting antigen to cause immunity |
|
Definition
| Immunization (vaccination) |
|
|
Term
| Fill in the following blanks: In the pro-B stage, __________ are formed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fill in the following blanks: In the pre-B stage, __________ are formed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fill in the following blanks: In the immature stage, ____________ are formed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the T lymphocytes found in lymph node? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the B lymphocytes found in lymph node? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity is an individual usually born with? |
|
Definition
| Natural (innate, nonspecific) immunity |
|
|
Term
| Which antibodies are present on the mature B cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protection by means of normally present body functions |
|
Definition
| Natural (innate, nonspecific) immunity |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common cells associated with chronic inflammation? |
|
Definition
| Macrophages & lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| What area on chromosome 6 codes for class II MHC proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cells do the NK cells target in antibody independent cytotoxicity killing? |
|
Definition
| Diseased/cancerous cells with reduced class I MHC expression |
|
|
Term
| What method is used to separate lymphocytes from blood? |
|
Definition
| Density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll-Hypaque solution |
|
|
Term
| What stains are used to label antibodies? |
|
Definition
| Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) & phycoerythrin (PE) |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal ratio for CD4:CD8 cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Memory response; secondary antibody response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphoid tissue located under skin epithelia |
|
Definition
| Cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) |
|
|
Term
| Cell mediated immunity is medicated by ___ lymphocytes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cell mediated immunity is for what purpose? |
|
Definition
| Eliminating intracellular pathogens. |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of class I & class II MHC antigens? |
|
Definition
| Bind to antigen & transport to cell surface to be recognized by T cells |
|
|
Term
| Known haplotypes of an individual |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) |
|
|
Term
| Study of host reactions when foreign substances are introduced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of acquired immunity? |
|
Definition
| Slow response, specific response, & memory capability |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of effector cells? |
|
Definition
| To eliminate or neutralize antigen. |
|
|
Term
| What are the CD markers associated with B lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
| CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, & CD23 |
|
|
Term
| On repeated contact with antigen, B cells (with the help of Th) are capable of producing antibodies with greater affinity (attraction) for antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors involved in making a substance an immunogen include chemical composition/complexity (protein best), ______________, and ______________. |
|
Definition
| Size (larger better) and foreigness (less like self better) |
|
|
Term
| What affects acute phase reactant levels & what are the results? |
|
Definition
| Increase rapidly with infection, surgery, or trauma |
|
|
Term
| What cells are the class II MHC molecules found on? |
|
Definition
| B cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic, activated T cells, & endothelium |
|
|
Term
| Binding of two complementary strains (DNA or RNA) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is Th1 subset formed? |
|
Definition
| In infections caused by intracellular microbes |
|
|
Term
| Substance administered with immunogen to increase immune response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Substance which induces an immune response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heightened response with re-exposure to immunogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tumor marker is associated with the structure of the MHC I molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High levels of Beta2 microglobulin indicate _______ prognosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| External defenses are routinely exposed to environment substances and examples include: |
|
Definition
| NF, mucus secretions/cilia, antimicrobial substances-lysozyme & acid pH |
|
|
Term
| When is the Th2 subset formed? |
|
Definition
| In response to helminths infections & allergens |
|
|
Term
| Chemical messengers made by cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is negative selection in B cell maturation? |
|
Definition
| Cells that don't recognize self proteins are eliminated |
|
|
Term
| Eliminate or neutralize organism or its products |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cell associated with acute inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokine with antiviral activity & ability to activate macrophages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Product binds to TCR & class II MHC molecule & activates a large % of T cells |
|
|
Term
| Coat foreign particles & enhance phagocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the PALS (periarteriolar lymphoid sheath) area located in the spleen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the primary functions of tumor necrosis factor? |
|
Definition
| Defense against GN bacteria; triggered by LPS in cell wall |
|
|
