Term
| A tax that imposes a disproportionately heavier burden on low-income people than on the more affluent |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The development of new and varied business activities. New businesses were encouraged to relocate to or expand in Texas after the ol and gas industry, which had been the base of the states economy, suffered a major recession in the 1980s |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a concept developed by political scientist Said Easton to refer to the milieu, or context in which political institutions function |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Generally held views rooted in the political culture that are used to explain common historical and cultural experiences |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a political system in which sovereign power resides in the citizenry elected by and responsible to them |
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Definition
|
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Term
| An attitude, rooted in classical liberal theory and reinforced by the frontier tradition, that citizens are capable of taking care of themselves with minimal governmental assistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A widely shared set of views, attitudes, beliefs, and customs of a people as to how their government should be organized and run. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this man noted that three political subcultures have emerged over time in the United States: the individualistic, the moralistic, and the traditionalistic |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the blending of these two views, along with the historical experience of the Republic and frontier, contributed to the distinct characteristics of Texas’s political culture. |
|
Definition
| individualistic and traditionalistic |
|
|
Term
| A view that government should interfere as little as possible in the private activities of its citizens while ensuring that adequate public facilities and a favorable business climate are available to permit individuals to pursue their self interests |
|
Definition
| individualistic subculture |
|
|
Term
| A view that government's primary responsibility is to promote the public welfare and that government should actively use its authority and power to improve the social and economic well-being of its citizens. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A view that political power should be concentrated in the hands of a few elite citizens who belong to established families or influential social groups. Public policy basically serves the interests of this small group |
|
Definition
| traditionalistic subculture |
|
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Term
| Native American groups living on reservations in Texas |
|
Definition
| Alabama-Coushatta, Tigua, and Kickapoo |
|
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Term
| What president of the Republic wanted to expel, defeat, or exterminate the 23 Native American groups living in Texas |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What president wanted peace with the natives |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Number of persons residing within a square mile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process by which a predominantly rural society or area becomes urban |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The development of new and varied business activities. New businesses were encouraged to relocate to or expand in Texas after the oil and gas industry, which had been the base of the states economy, suffered a major recession in the 1980s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased interdependence in trade, manufacturing, and commerce between the United States and other countries. |
|
Definition
| Globalization of the economy |
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Term
| A document that provides for the legal and institutional structure of a political system. It establishes a government bodies and defines their powers. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A law enacted by a legislative body. Unlike constitutional law, it does not require voter approval |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how many words are in the TX constitution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many times was constitution amended |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when was the TX constitution implemented |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Coahuila y Tejas constitution |
|
Definition
1827
unicameral
Catholicism
texas had 2 of twelve reps
slavery phased out |
|
|
Term
| constitution of the republic |
|
Definition
1836
declared independence
bicameral legislature, president
no state religion
slavery legal but no new imports |
|
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Term
|
Definition
constitution of 1845 (admitted to union)
amended to form plural executive
bienniall bicameral legislature
property rights for women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Civil War constitution
greater protection for slavery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
presidential reconstruction
abolished slavery |
|
|
Term
| reconstruction constitution |
|
Definition
1869
radical republicans invalidated previous constitution
martial law, prohibited ex confederates from voting or holding office. adopted fourteenth and fifteenth amendments to U.S. constitution |
|
|
Term
| constitution of Texas constitution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is true regarding Texas?
a. It has the largest landmass
b. it is the second most populous state
c. it is the most populous state
d. it is the third most populous state |
|
Definition
| b. It is the second most populous state |
|
|
Term
| Which image is most likely to be used in a campaign ad to emphasize the candidates connection with Texas political culture? |
|
Definition
| a rancher on a horse inspecting a herd of Angus steers |
|
|
Term
| Why are there more African Americans in East Texas than in West Texas? |
|
Definition
| white southerners and their slaves generally settled in East Texas. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a major element of Texas's myth of origin?
a. peaceful communitarianism
b. the battle of the Alamo
c. Adam and Eve
d. religious persecution |
|
Definition
| b. the battle of the Alamo |
|
|
Term
| The Texas population is among the youngest in the nation. True or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What holiday is most closely associated with African American political culture in Texas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is most likely to occur in the Texas Urban Triangle?
a. population decline
b. increased agricultural productivity
c. traffic congestion
d. increased income tax rates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What major demographic change is expected to occur in Texas by 2042?
a. Asian Americans will outnumber Hispanics
b. a majority of the state will be Hispanic
c. African Americans will outnumber Hispanics
d. a majority of the state will be Anglo |
|
Definition
| b. a majority of the state will be Hispanic |
|
|
Term
| How did Texas respond to the drop in oil prices in the 1980s? |
|
Definition
| it diversified its economy |
|
|
Term
Which of the following comprises the larges portion of the Texas population?
a. those born in other states
b. those torn in Texas
c. those born in other countries
d. illegal immigrants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following has contributed the most to Texas's population growth?
a. migration from Sunbelt states to Frostbelt states
b. increasing birth rates among African Americans
c. migration from Frostbelt states to sunbelt states
d. increasing birth rates among Anglos |
|
Definition
| c. migration from frostbelt states to sunbelt states |
|
|
Term
Which statement best summarizes the relationship between economic class and ethnicity in Texas?
a. Economic divisions typically pit a majority of Anglos against a majority of Hispanics and African Americans
b. with increased economic prosperity in Texas, ethnicity has been generally eliminated as a key factor in economic issues
c. economic divisions have largely disappeared between Anglos and Hispanics, although they remain between Anglos and African Americans
d. Economic conflict now appears to be waged primarily with ethnic groups rather than among ethnic groups |
|
Definition
| a. Economic divisions typically pit a majority of Anglso against a majority of Hispanics and African Americans |
|
|
Term
| What political subcultures explain why Texas has conservative political culture? |
|
Definition
| Individualistic and traditionalistic |
|
|
Term
| political corruption is least likely to be found among populations that framed their political values on which subculture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Throughout most of its political history, Texas has been_________
a. on of the most undemocratic states in the Union, prohibiting significant numbers of people from participating in the political process
b. one of the most progressive states in the union, encouraging widespread political participation
c. recognized as slightly competitive two-party state with high rates of voter registration
d. one of the most progressive states in its support of broad based welfare programs |
|
Definition
| a. one of the most undemocratic states in the union, prohibiting significant numbers of people from participating in the political process |
|
|
Term
| Texas and other southern states lost the Civil War but for many more years continued to perpetuate the theory of_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the Texas Constitution address religious freedom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the U.S. Constitution say about local government |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most accurate description of legislative pay in Texas? |
|
Definition
| it is among the lowest of all the states |
|
|
Term
| The Constitution of Reconstruction created |
|
Definition
| a strong central government |
|
|
Term
| The Reconstruction governor who initially refused to leave office after being outside by the voters was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The drafters of the Texas Constitution of 1876 intended state laws to be enacted by |
|
Definition
| part-time citizen-legislators |
|
|
Term
| To what does "nationalization of the Bill of Rights" refer? |
|
Definition
| Action by the federal courts that applied the federal Bill of Rights to the states by using the Fourteenth Amendment |
|
|
Term
| If a county finds that one of its constitutional offices is outdated, how could that office be abolished |
|
Definition
| The legislature proposes a constitutional amendment, which his then approved by the voters. |
|
|
Term
| Who tends to benefit most from the Texas constitutional amendment process? |
|
Definition
| business owners and other elites |
|
|
Term
| What factor is absent from most constitutional amendment elections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the governor of Texas during reconstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurred under the Civil War Constitution |
|
Definition
| Slavery was given greater protection |
|
|
Term
| Under the current Texas constitution, the executive branch is characterized by |
|
Definition
| fragmentation of authority |
|
|
Term
| A single-body legislature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What constitution introduced a unicameral system with twelve deputies? What year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A system in which ultimate power is vested in a central or national government and local governments have only those powers granted to them by the central government. This principle describes the relationship between the state and local governments in Texas. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which constitution adopted a bicameral system? what year? |
|
Definition
| Constitution of the Republic of Texas (1836) |
|
|
Term
| A system that balances the power and sovereignty of state governments with those of the national government. Both the states and the national government derive their authority directly from the people, and the states have considerable autonomy within their areas of responsibility. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A lawmaking body, such as the Texas legislature, that includes two chambers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which constitution created an elected legislature that included a House of Representatives and a Senate, which met biennially (every two years)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A fragmented system of authority under which most statewide, executive officeholders are elected independently of the governor. This arrangement, which is used in Texas, places severe limitations on the governors power. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A view of the national government taken by eleven southern states, including Texas, that a state could withdraw, or secede, from the Union. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what year did Texas secede from the Union? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The group of Republicans who took control of congress in 1866 and imposed military governments on the former Confederate states after the Civil War |
|
Definition
| Radical Reconstructionists |
|
|
Term
| An organization formed in the late nineteenth century to improve the lot of farmers. Its influence in Texas after Reconstruction was felt in constitutional provisions limiting taxes and government spending and restricting banks, railroads, and other big businesses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The constitutional principle of self-government; the belief that the people control their government and governments are subject to limitations and constraints. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The view that governments originate from the general agreement among and consent of members of the public to address common interests and needs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The constitutional principle restricting governmental authority and spelling out personal rights. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The constitutional principle that people elect representatives to make laws and other governmental decisions on their behalf. |
|
Definition
| representative government |
|
|
Term
| Which article of the Texas Constitution specifically provides for a separation of powers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The division of authority among three distinct branches of government––the legislative, the executive, and the judicial––that allows the branches to serve as checks and balances on one another's power. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which constitutional convention was the only one ever held under the present constitution? |
|
Definition
| Constitutional Convention of 1974 |
|
|
Term
| Law prohibiting the requirement of union membership in order to get or hold a job. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A system in which ultimate power is vested in a central or national government and local governments have only those powers granted to them by the central governed. This principle describes the relationship between state and local governments in Texas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is based on the principle that each component government is sovereign in its own right, and the powers of the national government are limited to those powers delegated to it by the member governments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A principle holding that local governments are creations of state government, and their powers and responsibilities are defined by the state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| basis for the relationship between state and local governments under the Texas Constitution and state laws. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Return of powers assumed by the federal government to the states |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Powers specifically assigned to the national, or federal, government by the U. S. Constitution (Article 1, Section 8), including powers to tax, borrow and coin money, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Although not specifically defined by the U.S. Constitution, these are powers assumed by the national government as necessary in carrying out its responsibilities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A provision of the U.S. Constitution (Article VI) that says federal law prevails in conflicts between the powers of the states and the national government |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Powers given to state government by the Tenth Amendment. These are powers not delegated to the national government nor otherwise prohibited to the states by the Constitution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| powers shared by both the national and state governments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| powers that are denied to both the states and national government. The best-known restrictions are listed in the bill of rights |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A provision in the U.S. Constitution (Article IV, Section 1) that requires states to recognize civil judgments and official documents rendered by the courts of other states |
|
Definition
| full faith and credit clause |
|
|
Term
| The right of a resident of one state to be protected by the laws and afforded the legal opportunities in any other state he or she visits. Certain exceptions, however, have been allowed by the courts, including the right of states to charge nonresidents higher college tuition or higher hunting and fishing license fees. |
|
Definition
| privileges and immunities |
|
|
Term
| A process by which a person in one state can be returned to another state to face criminal charges |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A formal, long-term cooperative agreement among the states dealing with common problems or issues and subject to approval of the U.S. Congress. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nineteenth-century concept of federalism in which the powers or functions of the national and state governments were sharply differentiated with limited overlapping responsibilities (layer cake theory) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Policies emphasizing cooperative efforts among the federal, state, and local governments to address common problems and provide public services to citizens (marble cake) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A grant of federal money that can be spent only for specific programs or purposes. This is the source of most federal assistance to state and local governments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A federal grant for a defined project |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A federal grant based on specific criteria, such as income levels or population. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Money that states or local governments have to provide to qualify for certain federal grants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A term used to describe recent Changs in federal-state relationships. Used primarily by conservative presidents, it suggests a devotion or return of power to the states and a decreased role of the federal government in domestic policy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A federal grant of money to states and local governments for broad programs or services rather than narrowly defined programs. A block grant gives states and local governments more discretion over the use of the funds than other types of grants do. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A program begun under President Nixon and later repealed in which state and local governments received federal aid that could be used for virtually any purpose the recipient government wanted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A federal law or regulation that requires state or local governments to take certain actions, often at costs that the federal government does not reimburse. The state government also imposes mandates on local governments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A federal law that limits the authority or powers of state and local governments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The expanding economic and social interdependence of South Texas and Mexico |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Economic program initiated by Mexico to increase manufacturing and the assembly of goods. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treaty signed in 1993 to lower trade barriers among the United States, Mexico, and Canada and to create a common economic market. |
|
Definition
| North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) |
|
|
Term
| How did NAFTA affect trade between the United States and Mexico? |
|
Definition
| Trade increased considerably |
|
|
Term
| Which is an example of "big government conservatism", in which a Republican president exercises the authority of the federal government in order to achieve a social and economic agenda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What best summarizes the results of various efforts to implement "new federalism"? |
|
Definition
| "New federalism" was generally unsuccessful, as federal powers often increased significantly while state powers often did not |
|
|
Term
| In which era of federalism were categorical grants-in-aid the primary vehicle used to provide federal funds for public programs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an agreement between three states related to use of a shared river is an example of what type of federalism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which constitutional clause suggests that federal law prevails over the powers of the state when there is a conflict? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which term encompasses the shared problems and common interests between neighboring countries? |
|
Definition
| transnational regionalism |
|
|
Term
| Why did cooperative federalism replace dual federalism in the United States? |
|
Definition
| States were unable to provide basic services or to meet the needs of their citizens during the Great Depression |
|
|
Term
| Which Supreme Court decisions restricted federal authority and enhanced state authority? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary purpose of who is to seek additional federal money or programs for the state of Texas? |
|
Definition
| Office of State-Federal Relations |
|
|
Term
| Which principle is the basis for the relationship between the Texas state government and Texas's local governments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which system of government do both the states and the national government derive their authority directly from the people, with the states having considerable latitude and autonomy within their areas of defined power and responsibility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Federal funds accounted for approximately what percentage of the state budget in 2012-2013 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is a major concern for Mexico under the North American Free Trade Agreement? |
|
Definition
| domination of American corporations over the Mexican economy |
|
|
Term
| What did President Richard Nixon emphasize in his attempt to decentralize federal programs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Number of persons residing within a square mile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Texas city with fewer than 5,000 residents. such cities are allowed to exercise only those powers specifically granted to them by the legislature. Most cities in Texas are classified as general law cities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Texas city with more than 5,000 residents. Such cities can adopt any form of government residents choose, provided it does not conflict with the state constitution or statues. Home rule powers are formalized through local voters' adoption of a city charter spelling out how the city is to be governed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Under home rule, a city with more than 5k inhabitants can adopt any form of government as long as what? |
|
Definition
| it does not interfere with the state constitution |
|
|
Term
| A document, defined or authorized by state law, under which a city operates. In Texas home rule cities, local voters may choose among several forms of city government |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A form of city government in which the mayor shares authority with the city council and other elected officials but has little independent control over city policy or city administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A form of city government that gives the mayor considerable power, including budgetary control and appointment and removal authority over city department heads |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A form of city government in which elected commissioners collectively serve as a city policymaking body and individually serve as administrative heads of different city departments. Often referred to as the Galveston Plan, this form of government, which was part of of the city reform movement, does not appear to be used in any Texas city today. Although some cities still refer to their legislative bodies as commissions, these cities function much like council-manager cities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A form of city government in which policy is set by an elected city council, which hires a professional city manager to head the daily administration of city government. With the exception of Houston, larger cities in Texas are organized under this form of government. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A local election in which candidates file for place, position, or district with no political party label attached to their names. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A system under which city council members or other officeholders are elected by voters in the entire city, school district, or single-purpose district. Many of these election systems have been struck down by the federal courts or by the U.S. Justice Department under the Voting Rights Act as discriminatory against minorities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A required election if no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes cast in a primary race or in many nonpartisan elections. The runoff is between the top two vote-getters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A system in which a legislator, city council member, or other public official is elected from a specific geographic area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An election in which local voters can nullify a property tax increase that exceeds 8 percent in a given year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A method of borrowing money to pay for new construction projects, such as prisons or hospitals. Interest on these bonds, which require voter approval, is paid with tax revenue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A bond sold by a government that is repaid from the revenues generated from income producing facilities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Legal provision that permits a person who owns a home and is living in it to obtain a reduction in property taxes on the house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A federal law or regulation that requires state or local governments to take certain actions, often at costs that the federal government does not reimburse. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The principal policymaking body for county government. It includes four commissioners and the county judge, all elected offices. It sets the county tax rate and supervises expenditures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The presiding officer of a county commissioners court. This office also has some judicial authority, which is assumed by separate county courts-at-law in most urban counties |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The chief record-keeping officer of a county |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An elected official who is the chief legal officer of some counties. He or she also prosecutes lesser criminal offenses, primarily misdemeanors, in county courts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An elected official who prosecutes the more serious criminal offenses, usually felonies, in state district courts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An elected official who determines how much property tax is owed on the different pieces of property within a county and then collects the tax. This officeholder acts on the basis of property values determined by the county appraisal district and a tax rate set by the county commissioners court |
|
Definition
| county tax assessor-collector |
|
|
Term
| Countywide tax office that appraises the value of property and certifies the tax rolls used by every thing authority in the county |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An elected official who is the chief law enforcement officer of a county. In urban areas, his or her jurisdiction usually is limited to the unincorporated areas of a county, while local police departments have jurisdiction over incorporated cities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An elected law enforcement officer assigned as an administrative officer in a justice of the peace precinct. He or she is responsible primarily for executing court judgements, serving subpoenas, and delivering other legal documents. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An officer appointed by the district judges of the county. This person is primarily responsible for reviewing ever bill and expenditure of a county to ensure that it is correct and legal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An elected officer who is responsible for receiving and disbursing county funds. The offices primary functions are now carried out by the county auditor, and the office has been eliminated in a number of counties. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A unit of local government created by the state to perform a specific function or functions not met by cities or counties, including the provision of public services to unincorporated areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A specific form of special district that administers the public schools in a designated area. It is governed by an elected board of trustees empowered to Ley local property taxes, establish local school policies, and employ a school superintendent as its chief administrator |
|
Definition
| I.S.D. independent school district |
|
|
Term
| The governing body of a public school district. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chief administrator of a school district who is hired by the school board |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| government contracting with private companies to provide some public services |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The authority of cites to add territory, subject to restrictions set by state law. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The power of an incorporated city to control development within nearby unincorporated areas |
|
Definition
| extraterritorial jurisdiction |
|
|
Term
| a device used by governments to attract new businesses through the reduction or elimination of property taxes for a specific period of time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consolidation of city and county governments to avoid duplication of public services. This approach has been tried in several other parts of the country but so far has attracted little interest in Texas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specific area of a city in which property owners pay special taxes in return for improvements to streets and other public facilities in their neighborhood |
|
Definition
| public improvement district (PID) |
|
|
Term
| What has happened to special districts in Texas over the past several decades? |
|
Definition
| There has been a steady increase in the number of special districts |
|
|
Term
| what are the roles of council and the city manager in a council-manager form of city government? |
|
Definition
| The city council sets policy, and the city manager handles administration. |
|
|
Term
| What did the U.S. Supreme Court decide about county government in Texas in Avery v. Midland County (1968)? |
|
Definition
| County commissioners in the same county must be rom districts that are equal in population. |
|
|
Term
| If you plan to marry in Texas, where would you obtain a marriage license? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which statement about the governing bodies of special districts is true |
|
Definition
| Their members can be elected or appointed |
|
|
Term
| How does an aging Texas population affect the financing of Texas cities? |
|
Definition
| Older citizens are entitled to expanded homestead exemptions that lower a city's revenue |
|
|
Term
Which best describes how the governments of most Texas independent school districts operate?
a. school boards serve as the administrative arm of the school superintendent
b. school boards dictate policy to the superintendent
c. school boards depend on superintendents for their agenda and information about school issues.
d. county commissioners set policy for school boards and superintendents to administer |
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Definition
| c. school boards depend on superintendents for their agenda information about school issues. |
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| A builder is constructing houses just outside the boundaries of a city. Which power enables the city to force the builder to comply with city building codes? |
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Definition
| Extraterrritorial jurisdiction |
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| If the city of El Paso were to turn garbage collection over to a private business called South Texas Waste Management, it would be engaging in ______? |
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| How does an aging Texas population affect the financing of Texas cities? |
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Definition
| Older citizens are entitled to expanded homestead exemptions that lower a city's revenue |
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| The primary function of a sheriff is to _____? |
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Definition
| provide law enforcement in unincorporated areas of counties |
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| How are special districts often described? |
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| If a school district becomes highly politicize, dysfunctional, and incapable of carrying out its functions, the day-to-day management of the district can be taken over by the ________? |
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Definition
| can adopt the form of government their residents choose, within certain limits |
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| If a city and county wished to merge their functions and integrate their governing bodies, what would these entities initially require? |
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Definition
| a constitutional amendment providing permission to the county and city to consolidate |
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| Cities, with the approval of voters, can use _______ for economic development projects within the city. |
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| what is the biggest factor that can make the use of the convention of states unlikely to change or amend the U.S. Constitution |
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Definition
| the fact that it has never been used |
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| How many residents must a city in Texas have in order to have an election to become a home rule city? |
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| under______ rule, cities can only make laws if the state gives permission. |
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| Austin and other large cities in Texas are governed by which of the following when making laws? |
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Definition
| either Dillon/s rule or home rule, depending on state laws related to the issue under consideration |
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Term
| What happened when the City of Austin passed a law requiring Uber and Lyft drivers to submit fingerprints for a background check prior to being allowed to drive someone? |
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Definition
| The state legislature overturned the law and established ridesharing rules that would apply to all cities in the state |
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Term
| Who has traditionally been in charge of Texas government? |
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Definition
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| The authors of the Constitution of 1876 limited the power of the Texas governor by _________ |
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| creating the plural executive |
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| Which governor set a precedent by strongly using all the three key formal powers, thereby increasing the power of the office in Texas |
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| The current governor of Texas, Greg Abbott, has increased the power of Texas governors by using what key power in a way that it has never been used before? |
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| Who ultimately controls what happens in Texas government |
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| The power of government to take away property for public use with just compensation is known as _________ |
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| In what year did Texas pass a constitutional amendment to restrict the use of eminent domain for private use? |
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| What current project in Texas is being hotly debated for the use of eminent domain? |
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| Texans can pass laws to limit the use of eminent domain by________ |
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Definition
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Term
| There is not much that Texans can do to stop eminent domain, but they can affect how much __________ |
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Definition
| money they receive for just compensation |
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Term
| Around how many attempts have there been to change the U.S. Constitution since 1787 |
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Definition
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Term
| Constitutional amendments can be proposed with a ________ vote in the U.S. Congress (federal) and ratified with a _________ vote in either state legislatures or state conventions |
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Definition
| two-thirds; three fourths |
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Term
| For a convention of states to take place, how many state legislatures would have to pass resolutions requesting one? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the governor of Texas, Greg Abbott, want to call a convention of states? |
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Definition
| to limit the power of the federal government |
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Term
| having or combining the cultural attitudes and customs of two nations, peoples, or ethnic groups. |
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Definition
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Term
| concerning or consisting of two nations. |
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Term
| is a set of attitudes and practices held by a people that shapes their political behavior. It includes moral judgments, political myths, beliefs, and ideas about what makes for a good society. |
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Term
| the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state. |
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| was an American soldier and politician. An important leader of the Texas Revolution, Houston served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas, and was one of the first two individuals to represent Texas in the United States Senate. He also served as the sixth governor of Tennessee and the seventh governor of Texas, the only American to be elected governor of two different states in the United States. |
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| is the process of shifting an economy away from a single income source toward multiple sources from a growing range of sectors and markets. |
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| a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch |
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Term
| in the council-manager form of city government, the city council is responsible for |
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Definition
| appointing a professional manager, who runs the city on a day-to-day basis and hires out department heads |
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Term
| the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities. |
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| refers to the increasing interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-border trade of commodities and services, flow of international capital and wide and rapid spread of technologies. |
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Term
| is an ideological narrative that is believed by social groups. |
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Definition
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Term
| refers to an area of Texas that is roughly bordered by Dallas, Houston and San Antonio / Austin (when you are Texas you get to call 4 points a triangle). The region is connected by Interstate 45, Interstate 10 and Interstate 35. |
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Definition
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Term
| when did Texas become annexed to the U.S. and why did it take so long? |
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Definition
| 1845, northern states did not want to accept another slave state to the union |
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Term
| what are the two main sources of revenue for cities |
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Definition
| property taxes and sales taxes |
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Term
| how many counties does Texas have |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following county officials is not elected
a. sheriff
b. county clerk
c. constable
d. county auditor
e. all the above county officials are elected |
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Definition
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Term
| what percentage of texans live in urban areas, how has it changed since the 1800s |
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Definition
| 89% of Texans live in urban areas of the state, flipped with rural |
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Term
| What are four common issue related to urbanization in Texas? |
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Definition
Population growth and movement
Transformation of the economy
Increasing demands for services and resources
Increasing diversity |
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Term
| What is the apparent comparison of the median household income of the U.S. and Texas? What about the poverty line? |
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Definition
| Anglos and Asian Americans are more wealthy in Texas on average than the U.S. as a whole. Hispanic/African Americans are less wealthy in Texas than the U.S. average. All persons on average are less wealthy all around |
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Term
| What is Texas' gross state product in 2014? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Texas' diversified economy consist of? What is most of its economy tied to? |
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Definition
| Future growth in service industries, high-tech/biotech industries; tied to Mexico |
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Term
| Describe how Texas averages of education attainment compare or contrast to the U.S. |
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Definition
| Texas has overall lower education attainment. Hispanics are lower than national average in both college/high school diplomas. African Americans, Anglo, and Asian are all higher than national average |
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Term
| what are the 3 stated economic regions out of twelve in Texas and what are their main source of income |
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Definition
| Agriculture in the high plains, south Texas region, and the upper east Texas region. oil gas production remains important in all but they all still very in economic growth/development |
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Term
| What are the three branches of government established by the constitution of 1876 |
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Definition
| Legislative (bicameral; meets every 2 years in odd-numbered years for 140 days. 150 members in house; 31 in senate), executive (plural, weak governor), judicial (almost all judges elected; two high courts, supreme/texas court of criminal appeals). |
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Term
| process of Texas constitution amendments |
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Definition
A proposed constitutional amendment is passed by a two-thirds vote in both houses of legislature.
The proposed amendment is submitted to the voters for their approval by majority vote.
Texas lacks a statewide initiative or referendum process. |
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Term
| Reaction against reconstruction era abuses |
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Definition
Reaction against Reconstruction era abuses
Restricted state powers, expanded local powers, and placed limits on taxation
The Grange viewed government as a necessary evil |
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Term
| weaknesses and criticisms of current Texas constitution |
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Definition
Decentralized public school system leads to inequities
Requires a balanced state budget
Slowed democratic development in Texas
Burdened with excessive detail-over 90,000 pages
Plural executive means no one person is in charge
Requires excessive amendments to enable state government to adapt to social, economic, and political changes |
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Term
| efforts to reform the Texas Constitution, either by a constitutional convention or by amendments, since 1970. |
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Definition
1974 Constitutional Convention
Three votes short of approval for proposal
1975 legislative session
Presented to voters as eight separate amendments
Not supported by Governor Dolph Briscoe
Rejected by voters in November 1975
Texas voters approved 269 amendments between 1976 and 2015. |
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Term
| what two main differences set the Texas constitution apart from the U.S. constitution |
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Definition
| its easy to amend, and its very specific/detailed |
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Term
| which president pushed for cooperative federalism |
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Definition
| F.D. Roosevelt "New Deal" |
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Term
| Which president pushed for centralized federalism |
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Definition
| Kennedy and johnson developed society programs |
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Term
| which president pushed for new federalism to turn responsibility of domestic programs to states |
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Definition
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Term
| what modern presidents pushed for more state delegation |
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Definition
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Term
| a general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decisio |
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Definition
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Term
| Funding for city projects is provided through _______ and require voter approval because tied to taxes |
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