Term
| What are tubulointerstitial dz? |
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Definition
| -renal inflammation involving both t he tubules and renal interstitium |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of tubulointerstitial dz? |
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Definition
-interstitial nephritis (aka tubulointerstitial nephritis)
-granulomatous nephritis
-pyelonephritis
-renal fibrosis (scarring) |
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Term
| What is interstitial neprhitis? (aka tubulointerstitial nephritis) |
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Definition
| -nephritis w/ inflamm changes localized in interstitium and extending into tubulaes |
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of interstitial nephritis? |
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Definition
-infectious agents localize in tubules usually via migration fromvasa recta
-cause tubular degen and necrosis, sometimes inflamm response where inflamm cells infiltrate interstitium tubules |
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Term
| What is the typical response to inflamm dz in nephrons? |
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Definition
| -initially neutrophilic but rapidly becomes subacute w/ predominance of lymphocytes and plasma cells |
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Term
| What causes multifocal interstitial nephritis of YOUNG calves? Common name? |
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Definition
-E. coli septicemia
-white spotted kidneys |
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Term
| What lesions do we see w/ white spotted kidneys in calves? |
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Definition
-pale white-tan coalescine cortical foci
-lesions usually subacute |
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Term
| Where do we most commonly see white spotted kidneys in calves? Can we culture them? |
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Definition
-veal calf slaughter houses
-no, culture does not work |
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Term
| What kind of lepto dz is associted w/ interstitial nephritis? |
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Definition
| -subacute lepto in dogs or pigs |
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Term
| What is the most common lepto in dogs? What others are there? |
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Definition
-L. kirschneri serovar grippotyphosa
-also see L. interogans |
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Term
| Which lepto occurs in pigs? |
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Definition
| -L. interrogans serovar pomona |
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Term
| What are the gross lesions seen w/ subacute canine lepto? |
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Definition
-obvious coalesing pale gray to white foci most intense at the corticomedulalry junction
-OFTEN CALLED DIFFUSE INTERSTIITAL NEPHRITIS
-intensity of the lesions are seen in just insie the cortex |
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Term
| How do we diagnose canine lepto intersitital nephritis microscopically? |
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Definition
-interstitial infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells interspersed w/ normal to degen tubules
-w/ silver stians or IHC organisms can be foudn in renal tubules |
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Term
| What are some other examples of interstitial nephritis? |
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Definition
-chronic canine infectious hepatitis
-EVA
-PRRS
-porcine circovirus 2: intracytoplasmic inclusions
-MCF |
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Term
| True or False: Small, microscopic multifocal interstitial accumulations of lymhocytes and plasma cells are common, incidental findings in dogs and cat kidneys. |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition: Granulomatous nephritis |
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Definition
| -nephritis characterized by discrete granulomas (macrophages predominate) |
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Term
| IN general, describe the pathogenesis behind granulomatous nephritis. |
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Definition
| -granulomatous nephritis seen in some systemic granulomatous dz but not all |
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Term
| What gross lesiosn do we see w/ granulomatous nephritis? |
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Definition
| -large (up to cm's) or small gray-yellow nodules primarily in cortex |
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Term
| What is the common cause of granulomatous nephritis in cats? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary ddx for granulomatous nephritis? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or FAlse: OUr standard systemic fungi (Histo, Blasto, Crypto) commonly target the kidney. |
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Definition
| -FALSE, rarely target kidney |
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Term
| Which fungus commonly targets the kidney? In which animals does this occur? |
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Definition
-Disseminated Aspergillosis
-dogs, horses, avian spp |
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Term
| What lesiosn do we see w/ hairy vetc toxocicity in Angus cattle? Ddx? |
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Definition
-granulomas in skin, kidney, adrenals, liver, LN, etc (granulomatous nephritis)
-major ddx is lymphoma |
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Term
| Definition: Pyelonephritis |
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Definition
-inflammation of renal pelvis that extends into renal parenchyma
-pyelitis is inflamm of renal pelvis alone |
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Term
| Describe th epahtogenesis of pyelonephritis? |
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Definition
| -visicouretal reflux: ascending infection or infection extends from pelvis into CD and nephrons due to backwards ureter peristalsis |
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Term
| What gross lesions do we see w/ pyelonephritis? |
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Definition
-pelvis dilated w/ /cloudy to purulent urine
-pelvic mucosa is roughened
-red-gray streaks in the medulla can extend to the capsular surface (pathcy distribution from the capsular surface)
-ureter dilated and thickened |
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Term
| What do we see microscopically w/ pyelonephritis? |
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Definition
-neutrophilic to lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates into tubules and interstitium
-tubular degen and necrosis |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of pyelonephritis? Other causes? |
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Definition
-E. coli in all spp
-C. renale in cattle, A. suis in pigs, Klebsiella, Strep, etc |
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Term
| True or False: Renal fibrosis (scarring) can occur due to ANY previous kidney dz. Examples? |
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Definition
-TRUE
-Ex: glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, tubular necrosis, infarction, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| -normal cortical tissu)e is replaced w/ fibrous CT (scar tissue |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of renal fibrosis due to chronic renal failure? |
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Definition
-PU/PD
-wt loss
-depression
-modified Ca/P metabolism |
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Term
| The classical cause of renal scarring is CRF. What do we see grossly? |
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Definition
-kidneys are shrunken, pale, firm, pitted, & irregularly shaped, thin cortex
-TEST QUESTION |
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Term
| The classical cause of renal scarring is CRF. What do we see microscopically? |
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Definition
-tubules are atrophic or absent in scarred areas-interstitium expanded by dense fibrous CT
-variable foci of lymphocytes and plasma cells
-glomeruli are shrunken, hyalinized, hypocellular |
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Term
| True or False: Fibrotic kidneys are always clinical. |
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Definition
| -FALSE, can be incidental if mild |
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Term
| True or False: Once scarring has started in one area of the kidney, it becomes self-purpetuating. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a synonym for canine hereditray juvenile nephropathy |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition: Canine Familial renal dz |
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Definition
| -hereditatry dz in purebred dogs <3y of age resulting in severe renal scarring & chornic renal failrue w/ NO EVIDENCE OF PREDISPOSING RENAL DZ |
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Term
| The clinical signs and gross lesions of Canine hereditary juvenile nephropathy are identical to CKD except...? |
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Definition
-young purebred dog <3y
-more often affected dogs are aorund 1y of age
-TEST QUESTION: ALWAYS LOOK AT THE AGE TO DIFFERENTIATE |
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Term
| Definition: Hydronephrosis |
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Definition
| -progressive dilatation of hte renal pelvis w/ secondary atrophy of renal parenchyma |
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Term
| What causes hydronephrosis? |
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Definition
-secodnary to partial or complete obstruction of ureter
-primary lesion may be in pelvic-ureteral junciton, ureter itself, or at vesicoureteral junction |
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Term
| What lesions will we see due to hydronephrosis? |
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Definition
-vary from barely perceptible to kidney becoming thin-walled, urine-filled cyst
-calculi, inflammation, neoplasms can cause hydronephrosis |
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Term
| What lesions are caused by canine kidney worms? |
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Definition
| -severely hydronephrotic kidney containing typical dark red adult worm |
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Term
| Which spp get kidney worms? Where geographically? |
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Definition
-wolves, mink, dogs
-NOrthern US and CAnada |
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