Term
| What does the normal rumen mucosa normally appear? |
|
Definition
| -turkish towel that is tan-green |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal pH range of the rumen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the doctor name for bloat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -leads to respiratory compromise, inc intraabdominal and intrathoracic pressure and dec venous return to the heart |
|
|
Term
| What lesion do we see on post-mortem of bloat? |
|
Definition
-congestion cranial to the thoracic inlet
-aka bloat line |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Post-mortem rumen distension alone supports a dx of bloat. |
|
Definition
| -FALSE, PM rumen distention alone does NOT support a dx of bloat |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of bloat? |
|
Definition
=primary/frothy
-secondary |
|
|
Term
| What leads to primary bloat? |
|
Definition
-due to chage in hiet (alfalfa, clover, high concentrate)
-formation of stable foam => blocks cardia => prevents eructation
-foam usually absent by 10-12 hrs after death |
|
|
Term
| Regarding a bloat line, is the congested, red esophagus cranial or caudal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-bloat caused by a physical or functional obstruction of esophagus
-causes include esophageal FB or tumor, reticular abscesses or adhesions, vagal indigestion, etc |
|
|
Term
| What are the potential sequelae to esophageal obstruction? |
|
Definition
-bloat
-esophageal mucosal damage and secondary stricture
-esophageal dilation (cranial to obstruction)
-aspiration pneumonia
-esphageal perforation and periesophageal inflammation |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that may inc risk for esophageal obstruction? |
|
Definition
-FB
-stricture
-dental dz
-caustic substance that causes scarring
-pelleted feed, gluttony, etc
-mass
-previous trauma
-spirocerca lupi in dogs
-PRAA
-abnormal esophageal motility |
|
|
Term
| What causes death with acute rumen acidosis? |
|
Definition
| -excess carb ingestion leads to dec in rumen pH => death is due to dehydration, acidosis, and circualtory collapse |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on PM findings of acute rumen acidosis? |
|
Definition
| -large amount of fermentative, porridge-like rumen sontent with pH < 5.0 |
|
|
Term
| What causes bacterial rumenitis? |
|
Definition
-Fusobacterium necrophorum
-aka ncrobacillary rumenitis |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do we see with bacterial rumenitis? |
|
Definition
-erythema, edema, and erosion/ulceration
-patches of inflamed mucosa slough = scar formation
-foci of necrosis and/or abscesses in the liver |
|
|
Term
| In addition to bacterial rumenitis, what other disease does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause in the upper alimentary tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some things that may predispose an animal to necrotizing stomatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is mycotic rumenitis? |
|
Definition
-opportunicstic fungi cause deep mucosal lesions, may extend to serosa
-may be severe, extensive, and possible fatal |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do we see with mycotic rumenitis? |
|
Definition
-numeroud well-demarcated foci of necrosis and hemorrhage in rumen mucosa
-fungi invade into vessels and cause htrombosis and infarction |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do we see due to BVDV infection? |
|
Definition
| -mucosal dz: erosions, ulcer, and/or slightly raised pale or white placques in forestomach mucosa |
|
|
Term
| What is the other name for Bovine Herpesvirus 1? |
|
Definition
| -infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infection |
|
|
Term
| In which cattle do systemic infections due to bovine herpesvirus 1 occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lesions do we see in neonatal calves with bovine herpesvirus 1? |
|
Definition
| -foci of necrosis, erosion and ulceration in mucosa of mouth, esophagus and forestomach |
|
|
Term
| What causes ruminal candidiasis? |
|
Definition
| -antibiotic therapy or glucose therapy |
|
|
Term
| What is gastric displacement? |
|
Definition
| -stomach rotates clockwise around esophagus |
|
|
Term
| Which dogs are predisposed to GDV? |
|
Definition
| -deep-chested, large breed dogs especially |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do we see with GDV? |
|
Definition
-venous infarction of the stomach
-spleen displaced, congested, infarcted, torsed or ruptured
-assoc w/ eating and aerophagia |
|
|
Term
| IN which cattle is left abomasal displacement most common? |
|
Definition
| -high-producing dairy cows, especially around the time of parturition |
|
|
Term
| What are some problems seen concurrently w/ LDA? |
|
Definition
| -ketosis, hypocalcemia, metritis, retained placenta, etc |
|
|
Term
| Describe the movement of the abomasum in LDA. |
|
Definition
| -displaces ventrally and to the left of the rumen |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of LDA? |
|
Definition
-anorexia
-dehydration
-scant feces
-abomasal ping |
|
|
Term
| How common is a right abomasal displacement? What effects does it have? |
|
Definition
-less common than LDA, about 15%
-causes venous infarction, congestion, and necrosis of abomasum, abomasal rupture w/ subsequent peritonitis is possible
-causes obstruction of duodenal outflow => metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| In which species does gastric dilation and rupture occur most commonly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is gastric dilation and rupture in horses often secondary to? |
|
Definition
| -small intestinal obstruction or ileus |
|
|
Term
| If equine gastric dilation and rupture the primary dz, what caused it? |
|
Definition
| =excessive consumption of carbs (lush pasture) |
|
|
Term
| How can we tell if gastric rupture occured AM or PM? |
|
Definition
| -hemorrhage along margins = AM |
|
|
