Term
| How do we distinguish between osteochondrosis and osteochondritis dissecans? |
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Definition
-OC = no flap or fragment
-OCD = flap or chip present |
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Term
| What age group of animals get OC? Why does it occur? |
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Definition
-developmental disease: 6-9m
-failure of endochondral ossification: articular cartilage and subchondral bone |
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Term
| What breeds are predisposed to OC? Is it bilateral or unilateral? |
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Definition
-large breed, rapidly growing dogs
-bilateral |
|
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Term
| What are the radiographic signs of osteochondral lesions? What about OCD specifically? |
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Definition
-flattening or concave defect of subchondral bone, surrounding sclerosis
-OCD: adjacent mineral body, osteochondral flap or fragment in joint |
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Term
| What are the typical canine locations of osteochrondral lesions? |
|
Definition
-caudal humeral head
-medial humeral condyle
-femoral condyles
-femoral trochlea
-trochlear ridges of the talus |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| -developmental condition cuased by joing incongruity and/or osteochondrosis |
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Term
| Elbow dysplasia has one or more of 4 different presentations. What are they? |
|
Definition
-ununited anconeal process
-fragmented medial coronoid process
-OCD of medial aspect of humeral condyle
-primary joint incongruency |
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Term
| What does elbow dysplasia result in? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most frequently seen elbow dz? |
|
Definition
| -fragmented medial coronoid process |
|
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Term
| What view do we use to best visualize elbow dysplasia? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a fragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP) look like? |
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Definition
| -instead of the normal triangle, it is all ownky |
|
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Term
| The anconeal proceess and olecranon should be united by ___ days of age. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which breeds are predisposed to avascular necrosis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is avascular necrosis? Where does it happen? Treatment? |
|
Definition
-damaged blood supply to femoral head causes bone necrosis
-when revascularization occurs, removal of necrotic bone causes permanent deformation of head |
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Term
| Which types of dogs are predisposed to canine panosteitis? |
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Definition
| -large breeds: German shepherds and Basset Hounds |
|
|
Term
| What is the age group is most predisposed to canine panosteitis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of canine panosteitis? |
|
Definition
| -shifting leg lameness, recurrent bouts |
|
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Term
| What does canine panosteitis look like on a radiograph? |
|
Definition
-circumscribed areas of increased opacity in diaphyseal medullary cavity
-often near nutrient foramen |
|
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Term
| Is Hypertrophic osteodystrophy localized or systemic? Which breeds are predipsoed? Age? |
|
Definition
-systemic (sometimes severe)
-large or giant breeds
-around 4m |
|
|
Term
| What does Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy look like radiographically? |
|
Definition
-transverse radiolucet lines in metaphysis (double physis sign) with metaphyseal flaring or irregular new bone
-can have: metaphyseal osteolysis or periosteal reaction too |
|
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Term
| Which breeds are affected by craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO? Age groups? |
|
Definition
-terriers, bulldogs, other (genetic component)
-3-8m, progression ends at maturity |
|
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Term
| What is the major concern with craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO)? |
|
Definition
| -space occupying problems, difficulty with rpehension and mastication, pain |
|
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Term
| What does Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO) look like on radiographs? |
|
Definition
-irregular osseous proliferation on madible, petrous temporal bone, bullae
-occasionally involves the calvarium |
|
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Term
| What causes primary hyperparathyroidism? |
|
Definition
| -typically adenoma of parathyroid gland (old dogs) |
|
|
Term
| What are the possible causes of secondary hyperparathyroudism? |
|
Definition
-nutritional: diet deficient in calcium or Ca:P imbalance
-Ranal: chronic renal disease |
|
|
Term
| What are the radiographic signs of hyperparathyroidism? |
|
Definition
-generalized decrease in bone opacity
-thin bone cortices
-loss of lamina dura around tooth roots
-pathologic fractures / folding fractures
-spinal deformities |
|
|
Term
| What are Multiple Cartilaginous Exostoses (MCE)? |
|
Definition
-benign proliferative disease of bone and cartilage
-cartilage islands grow in long bones and vertebrae
-cease growth at skeletal maturity (dogs) |
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