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| angle from equator to observer along observer’s meridian (N/S) |
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| angle from prime meridian to observer’s meridian along the equator (E/W) |
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| connects a point with N/S pole |
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angle from observers meridian to star’s hour circle measured west along the celestial equator
0-360 degrees /24 hours;
1 degree/4 minutes |
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| angle from celestial equator to a star measured along a star’s hour circle |
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angle from V.E. to star’s hour circle measured east along the celestial equator.
TIME UNITS, not degrees |
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east along ecliptic
-360 degrees/ 365 days
-1 degree / day
-4 min / day |
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movement of sun along the equator in perfectly circular orbit at constant speed
4 min/ day
2 hr/ month |
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| daily path parallel to celestial equator |
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if declination is > 90 degrees – latitude
always visible, generally at poles |
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Definition
| Hour angle of apparent sun + 12 hours |
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Definition
| hour angle of mean sun + 12 hours |
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hour angle of the V.E
ST= HA + RA |
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Definition
| elapsed time between successive transits of the mean sun (24h) |
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Definition
elapsed time between successive transits of the V.E. (or any fixed star)
4 minutes shorter than the solar day |
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Definition
elapsed time between successive full moons with respect to the sun;
360 degrees / 29.5 days |
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Definition
moon’s period with respect to the stars;
360 degrees / 27.33 days |
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Definition
| when moon’s orbit crosses elliptic (2) --> eclipses |
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sun moon earth
1) near new moon phase, 2) near a node
2 to 5 per year |
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Definition
| total shadow, no sunlight |
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Sun Earth Moon
1) near full moon phase, 2) near a nodes
-0 to 2 per year |
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Definition
Sun and moon in line @ new and full moon
highest high &lowest low tide |
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Definition
st and 3rd quarter moon
high low tide & low high tide |
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Term
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Definition
| earth is round via arc shadow on moon |
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Definition
| relative size of sun and moon |
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| measured how big the earth was by illuminating bottom of a well |
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| made 1st star catalogue with 1-6 brightness scale |
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Term
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Definition
“Almagest” 13 scrolls which state
-Earth fixed @ Center of Celestial Sphere
-Earth is small compared to celestial sphere
-Earth is spherical
-Celestial sphere rotates
-Planetary motions are described using epicycles |
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Definition
| heliocentric model BUT circular orbits at regular speed |
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| elapsed time between successive oppositions (or other planetary benchmarks) with respect to the stars. How long it takes for planets to lap each other |
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Definition
| revolutionary period with respect to the stars |
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| accurate position measurements of planets; geocentric model |
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Definition
1) Planets move in elliptical orbits, sun at focus
2) radius vector sweeps out equal areas in equal times
3) p2=a3
calculated an epicycle system to describe Brahe’s data |
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| band of sky along the ecliptic |
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