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Definition
| simple organism without nucleus: an organism whose DNA is not contained within a nucleus, e.g. a bacterium |
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Definition
| organism with visible nuclei: any organism with one or more cells that have visible nuclei and organelles. The group contains all living and fossil cellular organisms except bacteria and cyanobacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
3 General conclusions about structure and funtion of living organisms - All organisms are made of 1 or more cells
- The cell is the basic unit of all organisms
- Cells arise only from other cells
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Term
| Explain the Endosymbiont theory? What is some evidence of this theory? |
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Definition
"Living together with in" A theory suggesting that the ancestors of some organelles evolvves as a result of prokaryotic cells ingesting other prokaryotic cells. Evidence is in the double membranes around certain organelles. (mitochondria and chloroplast) |
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| Describe the structure and location of the primary and secondary cell walls. |
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Definition
The primary cell wall is structure composed primarily of cellulose that is formed by growing cells to prevent their exploding due to water uptake.
The secondary cell wall is a thick layer , composed principally of cellulose and lignin, produced by woody plants, between the primary cell wall and the plasma membrane. The order from the inner cell is: the cell membrane then a secondary wall then the primary cell wall is the outer most barrier. |
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Term
| Explain the structure and function of plasmodesmata and pits. |
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Definition
Plasmodesmata is a channel between adjacent cells to allow material flow between them. Usually contains a connecting desmotuble of endoplasmic reticulum. The function is to allow water transfer and dissolved mineras to go from cell to cell. |
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| What is the purpose of cyclosis? |
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Definition
Circular motion of a cell's contents around its central vacuole, caused by microfilaments. The purpose is to direct the movement of cytoplasm |
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Term
| What microscopic structures in a vacuole can make a plant injurious? |
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Definition
| The vacuole is used to store water, waste,toxins & removing salts. |
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Term
| What are the 3 cellular structures that can contain colored pigments in plants and what are the pigments in them? |
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Definition
- Chloroplasts-Greenish-leaves
- Leucoplasts-Clear- oils and starches
- Chromoplasts-Oranges, Reds & Yellows, Lipid Soluable
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Term
| Iodine is a chemical indicator for what substance? |
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Definition
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| What cell structure gives pears a gritty texture? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the cytoplasm in most living plant cells? |
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Definition
| Within the plasma membrane except the nucleus. |
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| How large is the vacuole in most plant cells? |
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Definition
| 90% and is surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast. |
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Term
| What parts of a plant cell are visible at 400x? |
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Definition
| cell, nuclues, cell wall cell membrane, vacuole, |
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Term
| Why do red beets "bleed in water" but not carrots? |
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Definition
Because like red cabbage or other vegetables that have chromoplastids they are Lipid Soluble pigments. Which will dissolve or bleed in water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protoplast consists of the nucleus and the cytoplams, while the cytoplasm is everything except for the nucleus. |
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Definition
| threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes (DNA) |
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Definition
| Nucleoli are densely-stained structures at which ribosome subunits are assembled. Associated with chromosomes |
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Definition
2 membranes that surround the nucleus. Pores in the nuclear envelope control movement of substance into and out of the nucleus. |
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Definition
| organelle formed in the cytoplasm that directs the synthesis of proteins using genetic instructions in the form of messenger RNA |
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Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Sooth Vs Rouph (ER) |
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Definition
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes attached to the nuclear membrane, is an assembly site for making and exporting lipids (in the smooth ER) and proteins (in the rough ER) The ER is like a factory that makes Lipids and proteins and then sends them in vesicles to the Golgi Apperatus for proper packaging. |
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Term
| Cisternae and the difference between the cisternae of the ER and the Golgi apparatus. |
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Definition
| flattened sacs that are interconnected with the ER but are not connected with the GA |
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Term
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Definition
All the unconnected dictysomes (Golgi stacks) in a cell. The Golgi apparatus of a cell aids in modification & transfer of materials to be seperated from the cell through the cell membrane. Finishes synthesis of some products of the rough ER and produces some noncellulose polysaccharides. The GA is like the FED Ex it gets the Lipids and the Proteins modifies them then packages them deteriming on where they need to be shipped. |
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Term
| Chloroplasts and Mitochondria |
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Definition
Chloroplasts are site for photosynthesis. Light comes in and through the thylakoids (stacked Grana) light is converted into sugars which is stored in the stoma (fluid around the thylakoids). The mitochondria, The cells factory (power house) then takes those sugars and chemically converts them into ATP energy |
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| Name 2 types of microbodies |
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Definition
- Peroxisomes protect the cell from perosides which are created when water and hydrogen mix.
- Glyoxysome- convert stored fats into sugars
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Term
What are the 3 types of thread like proteins that make up the cytoskeleton? These are like the rail ways or road systems that the organelles use to travel around the city (cell) |
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Definition
- Microtubules-Made of alpha & beta tubulin, control movement of vesicles, chromosomes, rna & ribosomes via the cell and in cilia and flagella (the propelling appendages or "antennas")
- Inremediate filaments-maintains the shape of the nucleus
- Microfilaments-controlcell shcape and movment of cytoplasm around the vacuole (known as cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis)
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Term
| What are motor proteins or "walking molecules" |
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Definition
Use energy in ATP to cause movement of cell structures when associated with microtubules and microfilaments. These are like the people with in Cell City that walk and move stuff around. They need food (ATP) just like people to have the energy to move stuff. |
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Term
| Explain how te fluid mosaic model is like the gatekeepers of Cell City. |
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Definition
| The cell city is surrounded by a plasma membrane (city walls) that control what enters or leaves the city (explaining how it is selectivily permeable). The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membran's structure as a double layer of phospholids tha make the membrane selectively permeable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rigid molecule that strengthens and stiffens cells walls in vascular plants: The most common polymer in plants after cellulose. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pis is a collection of plasmodesmata that then becomes visible. |
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Term
| Autotrophic Vs Heterotrophic |
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Definition
Autotrophic is where the organisms feed themselves through photosythesis, Heterotrophic are the consumers that feed on other organisms. Plants are Auto humans and animals Hetero |
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