Term
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Definition
| condition brought about by an abnormal accumulation of acid products of metabolism such as seen in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex; S/S include weakness, darkening of skin, loss of appetite, depression and other emotional problems |
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Term
| congenital hypothyroidism |
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Definition
| condition caused by congenital absence or atrophy of the thyroid gland; characterized by puffy features, mental deficiency, large tongue and dwarfism (formerly known as cretinism) |
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Term
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Definition
| group of S/S attributed to the excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortices; may be the result of a pituitary tumor or a primary adrenal cortex hypersecretion; S/S include abnormally pigmented skin, "moon face," pads of fat on the chest and abdomen; "buffalo hump" and hypertension |
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Definition
| result of decreased secretion of ADH by the posterior pituitary gland; S/S include excessive thirst (polydipsia), large amounts of urine (polyuria) and sodium being excreted from the body |
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Definition
| chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by under-activity of the islets of Langerhans and characterized by hyperglycemia; can cause chronic renal disease, retinopathy and neuropathy |
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Definition
| condition brought about by hypersecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland before puberty |
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Term
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Definition
| enlargement of the thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of hyperthyroidism causing the production of more thyroid hormone than the body needs, goiter and abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos) |
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Term
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Definition
| condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the body had an abnormal concentration of ketone bodies resulting from excessive fat metabolism (called ketoacidosis if acids accumulate in the blood and tissue as well) |
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Term
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Definition
| group of signs and symptoms including insulin resistance, obesity characterized by excessive fat around the waist and abdomen, hypertension, hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides and low levels of "good" cholesterol HDL; risks include development of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease or stroke (aka syndrome X and insulin resistance syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
| condition resulting from a deficiency of the thyroid hormone thyroxine; a severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult; S/S include puffiness of the face and hands, coarse and thickened skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech and anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor of the adrenal medulla, which is usually non-malignant and characterized by hypertension, headaches, palpitations, diaphoresis, chest pain and abdominal pain; surgical removal of the tumor is most common treatment, can be fatal if left untreated |
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Definition
| condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of calcium in the blood caused by a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones |
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Term
| radioactive thyroid uptake (RAIU) |
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Definition
| nuc med scan that measures thyroid function; uptake of radioactive iodine into the thyroid gland is measured |
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Term
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Definition
| nuc med test that shows the size, shape and function of the thyroid gland; used to detect tumors and nodules |
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Term
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Definition
| ultrasound test of the thyroid gland used to indicate whether a thyroid nodule is likely benign or possibly malignant; also used to evaluate and monitor structure |
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Term
| fasting blood sugar (FBS) |
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Definition
| blood test to determine the amount of glucose in the blood after fasting 8-10 hours; elevation may indicate diabetes mellitus |
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Term
| glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) |
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Definition
| blood test used to diagnose diabetes and monitor its treatment by measuring the amount of glucose bound to hemoglobin in the blood; provides an indication of blood sugar level over the past 3 months, covering the 120-day lifespan of the RBC (aka hemoglobin A1C) |
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Term
| thyroid-stimulating hormone level (TSH) |
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Definition
| blood test that measures the amount of TSH in the blood; used to diagnose hypothyroidism and to monitor patients on thyroid replacement therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| blood test that gives the direct measurement of the amount of thyroxine in the patient's blood; greater-than-normal amount indicates hyperthyroidism, less-than-normal amount indicates hypothyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal protrusion of the eyeball |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland that is carried in the blood to a target tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow strip of tissue connecting two larger parts of the body, such as the one that connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
| sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism |
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