Term
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Definition
| Person who has been diagnosed with a health-related state or event. |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard set of criteria to group cases regardless of other variables. |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a program to produce a desired effect among those who participate in the program as opposed to those who don't |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a program to produce benefits among those who are offered the program |
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Term
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Definition
| occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community of region. |
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Term
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Definition
| ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people; when it continually persists in a region |
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Term
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Definition
| epidemis affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent. |
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Term
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Definition
| epidemic that arises from a specific source; initial cases occur more rapidly. |
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Term
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Definition
| epidemics spread from one person to another; person to person transmission is less rapid than common-source epidemic. |
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Term
| vehicle-borne transmission |
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Definition
| disease spread through a vector, fomite, or a common material; examples include fomites, mosquitoes, needles. |
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Term
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Definition
| victims of a common source epidemic have person-to-person contact with others and spread the disease, resulting in a propogated outbreak. |
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Term
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Definition
| the first disease case in an epidemic |
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Term
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Definition
| first disease case brought to the attention of an epidemiologist |
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Term
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Definition
| those who become infected from teh primary source |
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Term
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Definition
| individual who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease yet has not been diagnosed with the disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| any virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite |
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Term
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Definition
| several variables that are effective measures of a specific case |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organism, usually a human or animal, that hosts a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounding and conditions external to the human or animal that cause or allow disease transmission |
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Term
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Definition
| incubation periods, life expectancy of the host or pathogen and duration of the course of the illness or condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| object such as a piece of clothing, a door handle, or utensil that can harbor an infectious agent and is capable of being a means of transmission. |
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Term
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Definition
| intertebrate animal that is capable of transmitting an infectious agent among vertebrates; tick, mite, mosquito, bloodsucking fly) |
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Term
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Definition
| habitat (living or nonliving) in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, multiplies, and of which it depends on to survive in nature. |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious organism in vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, fomite, or vector; rabies or anthrax |
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Term
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Definition
| nonliving intermediary such as fomite, food, or water that conveys the infectious agent from reservoir to a susceptible host |
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Term
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Definition
| contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism |
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Term
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Definition
| individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism and who has done so for more time, even though they may have recovered from the disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious |
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Term
| Health carrier (passive carrier) |
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Definition
| Individual who ahs been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but has not become ill or shown any of the symptoms of the disease. This could be referred to as a subclinical case. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen, is in the beginning stages of the disease, is displaying symptoms, and has the ability to transmit the disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease in different places or intervals. |
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Term
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Definition
| direct/immediate transfer of an agent from a host/reservoir to a susceptible host. |
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Term
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Definition
| when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host, resulting in disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection. |
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Term
| Vector borne transmission |
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Definition
| arthropod (mosquito, flea, or tick) conveys the infectious agent |
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Term
| vehicle borne transmission |
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Definition
| related to fomites, food, or water that acts as conveyance |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a pathogen uses a shost for a ride, nourishment, or as part of a physical transfer process. |
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Term
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Definition
| pathogen undergoes changes as part of its life cycle while within the host/vector and before being transmitted to the new host. |
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Term
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Definition
| preventing a disease or disorder before it happens, primarily behavioral. |
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Term
| passive primary prevention |
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Definition
| does not require behavior change on the part of the individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| health screening and detection |
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Term
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Definition
| limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation |
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Term
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Definition
| attempt to restore an afflicted person to a useful, productive, and satisfying lifestyle and to provide the highest quality of life possible. |
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Term
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Definition
| theory that everything is made of tiny particles |
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Term
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Definition
| disease characterized by chills, fever, headache, and backache, with pimples that blister and form pockmarks. considered eradicated by WHO in 1980 |
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Term
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Definition
| contracting a weakened version of a disease in order to develop immunity to it. |
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Term
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Definition
| acute infectious disease characterized by watery diarrhea, loss of fluid and electrolytes, dehydration, and collapse. |
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Term
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Definition
| some diseases have multiple causes |
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Term
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Definition
| disease caused by a variant of rikettsiae that causes high ever, transient rash, and severe illness. |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious disease characterized by a continued fever, physical, and mental depression, rose-colored spots on the chest and abdomen and sometimes intestinal/bowel perforation. |
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Term
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Definition
| interruption, cessation, or disorder of body functions, systems, or organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| science and study of the causes of disease and their mode of operation |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious disease casued by invading organisms that are infectious and capable of being transmitted. |
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Term
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Definition
| transmission from an individual to its offspring through sperm, placenta, milk, or vaginal fluids. |
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Term
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Definition
| transmission of infectious agents from an infected individual to a susceptible contemporary |
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Term
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Definition
| organism or substance such as bacteria, protozoa, viruses, fungi, abnormal, or infectious prions (proteins produced by mutated genes), or parasites capable of producing disease |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a pathogen to get into a susceptible host and casue disease |
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Term
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Definition
| disease-evoking power of a pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| work against pathogens because of their toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| poisons, kills pathogens by poisoning them. |
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Term
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Definition
| relatively severe disorder with sudden onset and short duration of symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| less severe but of continuous duration, lasting over long periods if not a lifetime |
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Term
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Definition
| state of presymptomatic disease; begins with exposure and ends with the onset of symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| time from exposure to clinical symptoms with a chronic disease |
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Term
| Congenital and hereditary diseases |
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Definition
| caused by genetic and familial tendencies toward certain inborn abnormalities |
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Term
| allergies and inflammatory diseases |
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Definition
| caused by the body reacting to an invasion of or injury by a foreign object or substance |
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Term
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Definition
| causes a lower level of mental, physical, or moral state than is normal or acceptable. |
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Term
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Definition
| dysfunction, poor function, or malfunction of certain organs or physiologic processes in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| collective name that refers to a group of many diseases with on common characteristic: uncontrolled cell growth or the loss of the cell's ability to perform apoptosis (cellular suicide) |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a disease to be transmitted from one person to the next or to spread in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| period when the disease is at its maximum severity or intensity; diagnosis is easiest at this point |
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Term
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Definition
| period when the symptoms of an illness are declining |
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Term
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Definition
| recovery period. may still be infectious, but host is feeling much better |
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Term
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Definition
| period during which the pathogen is killed off or brought into remission by the immune system. |
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Term
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Definition
| capacity of the pathogen or disease causing agent to survive outside the host and to exist or thrive in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious organism that can be transmitted in vertebrate animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| introduction of a substance that can cause the immune system to respond and develop antibodies against a disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| body produces its own antibodies against a specific invading substance, called an antigen, thereby providing very selective protection |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of antibodies to one person produced by another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of the antigen system to have the strength, activity, and effectiveness. |
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Term
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Definition
| immunity that is caused by the effective immunization of a majority of the population. |
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Term
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Definition
| persons who have been exposed to a contagious disease but may or may not become ill. |
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Term
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Definition
| personas who are known to be ill with a contagious disease and are kept from others without the disease |
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Term
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Definition
| process of maintaining high standards of personal body maintenance and cleanliness |
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Term
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Definition
| literally refers to a condition that arises when the body does not get the right amount of vitatmins, minerals, and other nutrients to maintain healthy tissues and proper organ function |
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Term
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Definition
| consequence of consuming to olittle essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients or excreting them faster than they can be replenished. |
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Term
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Definition
| consumption of too much food, eating too many of the wrong things, too little physical activity, or taking too many vitamins or dietary supplement. |
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Term
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Definition
| diminished capacity to perform within a prescribed range |
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Term
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Definition
| loss or abnormality of psychological, physiologic, or of the anatomic structure or function. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves difficulty an individual may have in executing activities. |
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Term
| Participation restriction |
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Definition
| problem an individual may experience in their involvement in life situations. |
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