Term
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Definition
Deficient RBC production; bone marrow depression --> low R/WBC and platelets
Sudden or insidious S&S: Weakness, pallor, fatigue, petechiae, ecchymoses, bleeding, frequent infections |
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Term
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Definition
X-linked
S&S: slight or gross mental retardation, long face, large mandible, everted ears, macroorchidism, mitral valve prolapse, hyperexstensible joints |
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Term
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Definition
Recessive
S&S: hemolysis of sickled cells, spleenomagaly, asplenia, hyperbilirubinemia, sludging of RBCs, necrosis from occlusions/infarcts, infections from necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
Recessive; Hienz bodies in bone marrow impair RBC production
S&S: bony abnormalities(chipmonk face, bone fractures), growth retardation w/o blood transfusions early, spleenomegaly, hepatomegaly, iron toxicities (usually from treatment)
Accompanying hypercoagulability = strokes & pulmonary emboli's |
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Term
| Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias (CLL) |
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Definition
Usually b-cell precursor invades lymph & bone marrow
S&S: anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, frequent infections, thrombocytopenia, painless enlarged lymph nodes & spleen |
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Term
| Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias/Lymphomas (ALL) |
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Definition
Majority transformed b-cells; lymphoblasts crowd bone marrow & suppress formation of other blood cells
S&S: bone paid, abdominal pain, anorexia, fatigue, bruising, fever activity avoidance |
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Term
| Acute Myeloid Leukemias (AML) |
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Definition
| S&S: Severe bone pain, anorexia, frequent infections esp. skin, GI, GU, and respiratory tract, thrombocytopenia |
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Term
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Definition
Deficient RBC production; large RBCs due to Folic Acid or B12 deficiency
B12 may lead to neuronal changes/impairment such as demetia
Alcoholics, pregnant women and people with anorexia are at risk |
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Term
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Definition
Deficient RBC production; ;lack of recycled iron (chronic blood loss, pregnant ladies)
S&S: low H&H, low iron stores, low RBC count, microcytic hypochromic RBCs, fatigue, weakness, palpitations, angina, dyspea, brittle hair & nails, increased HR, waxy pallor |
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Term
| Chronic Myeloid Leukemias (CML) |
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Definition
Overproduction of granulocytes carrying Philadelphia chromosome --> reduced apoptosis
Insidious S&S: increased granulocyte count, fatigue, weight loss, sweats, bleeding, painful spleenomegaly |
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Term
| Hodgkins Diseases (lymphoma) |
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Definition
Malignancies of lymph nodes that produce Reed Sternberg cells from b-cells associated with EBV; overproduction of abnormal antibodies
S&S: night sweats, anorexia, pruritis, weight loss, lymphodenopathy |
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Term
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Definition
Dominant; tumors arising from neural tissue
S&S: tumors in acoustic nerve, dark pigmented lesions of skin & eyes, growth & symptoms made worse by pregnancy & oral contraceptives |
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Term
| Plasma Cell Myeloma (Multiple Myeloma) |
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Definition
Increased production in antibody fragments called Bence Jones proteins in bone & kidneys; multiple tumor sites
Insidious S&S: Increase Ca+ in blood & urine, renal failure, honeycomb bone, bone pain, fractures, anemia, bleeding tendencies, frequent infections |
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Term
| Non-Hodgkin Diseases (lymphoma) |
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Definition
| S&S in advanced disease: joint effusions, infections, pruritis, fever, weight loss, night sweats, lymphadenopathy |
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Term
| Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome) |
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Definition
Chromosomal disorder, most common; risk increases as maternal age increases
S&S: open mouth, protruding tongue, relatively square head, low malformed ears, upward slant of eyes, fat pad at back of neck |
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Term
| Monosomy X (Turner Syndrome) |
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Definition
Chromosome disorder
S&S: no ovaries, sterile, no breasts, short statue, webbed neck, puffy hand & feet at birth, coarctation of aorta, abnormal kidney & heart |
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Term
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Definition
Recessive
S&S: long skeleton, pectus excavatum chest, retinal detachment, bilateral dislocation of lens, myopia, weak eyes, vavular abnormalities, rupture of aorta due to dilation |
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Term
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Definition
Recessive; enzyme to metabolize fat is missing, fat accumulates in brain tissue --> displacement of tissue
S&S: blind, deaf, seizures, paralysis, dementia, exagerated startle response, dysphagia
Appear normal first few months; Don't make it past 4 years |
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Term
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Definition
Recessive; lack enzyme to degrade phylalanine
Slow S&S: mental retardation, microcephaly, delayed speech
Diatary modification: avoid protein, artificial sweeteners, dairy |
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Term
| Polysomy X (Klinefelters Syndrome) |
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Definition
Chromosome disorder; males develop female secondary sex characteristics
S&S: breasts, short statue (esp. top half), high-pitched voice, no facial/chest hair |
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