Term
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Definition
Thomas Cole, The Architect’s Dream, oil on canvas, 1840
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Definition
Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein, Goethe in the Roman Campagna, oil on canvas, 1786
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Definition
Architecture student with sketchbook at the Parthenon, Athens, 2008
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Definition
Reconstruction drawing, of a prehistoric hut, Terra Amata, near Nice, France, ca. 400,000 BC
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Definition
Painted caves at Lascaux, Dordogne, France, ca. 15000-13000 BC
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Definition
Carnac alignments, Brittany, France, ca. 4250-3750 BC
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Term
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Definition
Carnac alignments, Brittany, France, ca. 4250-3750 BC
"Le Geant" mehir
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Definition
Dolmen Menga, Antequera, Andalusia, Spain, ca. 2500 BC
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Definition
Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England, ca. 2900-1400 BC
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Definition
Çatal Hüyük, Konya Plain, Anatolia, Turkey, ca. 6500-5700 BC
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Definition
a prehistoric tomb made up of large upright stones, capped with a horizontal stone, and originally buried under an earth mound |
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Definition
a cirlce of upright stones or posts |
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Term
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Definition
a cirle of upright stones or posts |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a prehistoric monument in the form of a large, upright stone |
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Term
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Definition
a surface that is written or drawn upon, and then cleared and reused, often leaving trace remnants of the previous work |
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Term
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Definition
construction using upright posts and horizontal lintels, not arches or vaults; also knows as "post-and-beam" or "post-and-lintel" construction |
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Term
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Definition
building materials used for making walls, consisting of "wattle" or thin branches weaved between upright stakes, and reinforced by applying "daub" or a plaster-like substance over the wattle structure |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Statues of Gudea, including one holding temple plan, from Girsu, Iraq, diorite, ca. 2100 BC
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Term
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Definition
White Temple and Ziggurat, Uruk (Warka, Iraq), ca. 3500-3000 BC
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Term
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Definition
Stele with law code of Hammurabi, from Susa, Iran, basalt, ca. 1780 BC
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Term
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Definition
Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu, Ur, Iraq, ca. 2100 BC
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Term
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Definition
Citadel of Sargon II at Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad, Iraq), ca. 720 BC
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Term
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Definition
Lamassu figures and tribute bearers, gypsum, from Citadel of Sargon II at Dur Sharrukin, ca. 720 BC
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Term
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Definition
Ishtar Gate, Babylon (Iraq), glazed brick, ca. 575 BC
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Term
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Definition
in ancient Mesopotamia, an indirect approach into a temple or a cella; generally gods entered into a temple on the long axis, while humans entered on the short axis and turned 90-degrees to approach the cult statue |
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Term
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Definition
an asphalt of Asia Minor used in ancient times as a cement and mortar |
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Term
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Definition
the main room in a temple, housing the cult statue |
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Term
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Definition
an Assyrian guardian in the form of a human-headed winged bull |
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Term
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Definition
in ancient Mesopotamia, a pyramidal mound or tower built of mud-brick forming the base of a temple, usually stepped or having a borad ascent winding around it |
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Definition
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Definition
Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC
Entrance hall and colonnade
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Term
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Definition
Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC
Jubilee Court
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Term
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Definition
Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC
South Palace
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Term
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Definition
Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC
North Palace
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Term
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Definition
Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC
Step pyramid
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Term
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Definition
Bent Pyramid of Sneferu, Dahshur, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom)
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Term
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Definition
Pyramid of Khafre (Chefren), Giza, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2530 BC
Great Sphinx
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Term
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Definition
Pyramid of Khafre (Chefren), Giza, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2530 BC
Valley Temple
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Term
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Definition
Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC
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Term
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Definition
Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC
Grand Gallery
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Term
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Definition
Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC
King's Chamber
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Term
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Definition
Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC
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Term
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Definition
Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC
Tomb of Amenemhet
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Term
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Definition
Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC
Tomb of Kheit
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Term
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Definition
a cone-shaped stone in Egypt, which was the most sacred relic of the sun god Re; the basis of the pyramidian form |
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Term
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Definition
windows placed high in a wall, usually above lower roof elements |
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Term
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Definition
a very large; as in colossal statue or colossal column (which rises several stories) |
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Term
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Definition
a column attached to or appearing to be partly embedded in a wall |
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Term
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Definition
in ancient Egypt, the immortal human life force |
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Term
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Definition
(from Arabic, bench) an Egyptian tomb with a flat top and sloping sides, built over a grave shaft |
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Term
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Definition
(Greek, city of the dead) a large burial area or cemetery |
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Term
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Definition
column forms found in ancient Egypt which pre-date (come "before") later Greek Doric columns, but which look very similar |
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Term
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Definition
a traditional Egyptian form of building with dried river reeds that are bound together |
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Term
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Definition
acts similarly to a relieving arch. A lintel (or rough construction) placed in a wall or above an opening to relieve it of superincumbent weight |
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Term
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Definition
a small concealed chamber in an Egyptian mastaba for the statue of the deceased |
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Term
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Definition
a mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion and the head of a human |
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Term
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Definition
Dynasties I-VI
ca. 2920-2134 BC |
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Term
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Definition
Dynasties XI-XIII
ca. 2040-1640 BC |
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Term
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Definition
Dynasties XVIII- XX
ca. 1550-1070 BC |
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Term
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Definition
Dynasties XXI-XXI
1070-332 BC |
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Term
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Definition
Corridor tomb of Seti I, Valley of the Kings, near Thebes, Dynasty XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1279 BC
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Term
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Definition
Funerary Temple of Mentuhotep, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XI (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2061-2010 BC
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Term
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Definition
Senmut, arch., Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XVIII (New Kingdom), ca. 1473-1458 BC
Portico of the Anubic Sancuary
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Term
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Definition
Senmut, arch., Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XVIII (New Kingdom), ca. 1473-1458 BC
Chapel to Hathor, with Hathor-headed capitals
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Term
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Definition
Senmut, arch., Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XVIII (New Kingdom), ca. 1473-1458 BC
Punt Colennade
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Term
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Definition
Senmut, arch., Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XVIII (New Kingdom), ca. 1473-1458 BC
Colossal statues of Hatshepsut as Osiris
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Term
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Definition
a male figure that functions as a supporting column |
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Term
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Definition
a main line of direction, motion, growth, or extension |
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Term
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Definition
a female figure that functions as a supporting column |
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Term
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Definition
an upright structural member, circular in plan, and usually slightly tapering; in classical architecture it consists of a base, shaft, and capital |
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Term
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Definition
a large hall composed of many columns placed close together to support the roof, which gives the appearance of a forest of columns |
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Horus, Edfu, Dynasty XXXI (Ptolemaic), 237-57 BC
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Term
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Definition
Great Temple of Amon, Karnak, Thebes, Dynasty XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1350-1205 BC
Hypostyle Hall
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Amon-Mut-Khonsu, Luxor, Thebes, mainly Dynasties XVIII and XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1408-1300 BC
Avenue of Sphinxes
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Amon-Mut-Khonsu, Luxor, Thebes, mainly Dynasties XVIII and XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1408-1300 BC
Pylon of Ramses II
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Amon-Mut-Khonsu, Luxor, Thebes, mainly Dynasties XVIII and XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1408-1300 BC
Obelisk of Ramses II
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Term
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Definition
Great Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel, Dynasty XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1290-1224 BC
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Term
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Definition
Hassan Fathy, arch., New Gourna village, Egypt, 1947-48 |
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Term
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Definition
hewn blocks of masonry wrought to even faces and square edges and laid in horizontal courses with vertical joints, as opposed to rubble or unhewn stone straight from the quarry |
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Term
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Definition
the head or crowning feature of a column |
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Term
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Definition
a row of columns which carries an entablature |
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Term
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Definition
a large hall composed of many columns placed close together to support the roof, which gives the appearance of a forest of columns |
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Term
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Definition
a tall tapering shaft of monolithic stone, of square or rectangular section, and ending pyramidally |
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Term
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Definition
a massive entrance to an Egypian temple, with sloping walls and a central opening |
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Term
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Definition
Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC
plan
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Term
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Definition
Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC
magazines
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Term
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Definition
Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC
courtyard
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Term
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Definition
Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC
throne room
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Term
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Definition
Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC
Queen's megaron
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Term
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Definition
Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC
staircase
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Term
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Definition
Citadel at Tiryns, Peloponnesus, Mycenae, ca. 1300 BC
plan
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Term
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Definition
Citadel at Tiryns, Peloponnesus, Mycenae, ca. 1300 BC
Cycolpean walls
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Term
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Definition
Citadel at Tiryns, Peloponnesus, Mycenae, ca. 1300 BC
postern gates
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Term
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Definition
Citadel at Tiryns, Peloponnesus, Mycenae, ca. 1300 BC
megaron
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Term
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Definition
Megaron, Palace at Pylos, 13th century BC
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Term
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Definition
Citadel and Palace of Mycenae, Greece, ca. 1600-1250 BC
Lion Gate, ca. 1300 BC
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Term
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Definition
Citadel and Palace of Mycenae, Greece, ca. 1600-1250 BC
Grave Circle A
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Term
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Definition
Citadel and Palace of Mycenae, Greece, ca. 1600-1250 BC
Treasury of Atreus, ca. 1330 BC
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Term
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Definition
parallel masonry layers, each projecting beyond the one below |
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Term
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Definition
a "false" arch constructed by progressively cantilevering or corbelling from the two sides with horizontal joints |
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Term
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Definition
in pre-Classical Greek architecture, a simple rounded capital carved from a block of stone, resembling a round cushion or pillow |
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Term
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Definition
in pre-Classical Greek architecture, masonry constructed of very large irregular blocks of stone. The later Greeks believed such masonry was the work of a race of giants, the Cyclopes |
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Term
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Definition
a long, high-walled, sloping entrance passage to a Mycenean tholos tomb |
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Term
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Definition
the vertical face of an archway, doorway, or window |
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Term
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Definition
a building with, or arrangement of, winding and confusing passageways |
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Term
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Definition
the principle hall of an Anatolian, Cretan, or Mycenean palace or house. It is rectangular in plan, with a circular central hearth and a front porch formed by the prolongation of the side walls |
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Term
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Definition
a small gateway, sometimes concealed, at the back of a castle, town, or monastery. |
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Term
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Definition
an entrance-gateway to an enclosure (usually a temple or a palace precinct) |
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Term
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Definition
an arch, usually of rough construction, placed in a wall above an arch or any opening, to relieve it of much of the superincumbent weight |
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Term
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Definition
(pl., tholoi) a round tomb. In Mycenean architecture, a round, corbel-vaulted tomb; also referred to as a "beehive" tomb |
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Term
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Definition
Greek shrine, votive clay model, from Argos (Greece), eighth century BC
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Term
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Definition
Plates of primitive buildings, from Sir William Chambers, A Treatise on Civil Architecture (London, 1759)
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Term
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Definition
Doric Order
tapers upward, inspired by a male
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Term
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Definition
Ionic Order
volutes inspired by a woman's hair |
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Term
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Definition
Corinthian Order
a maiden, origin from Vitruvius? |
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Hera (I), a.k.a. Basilica, Paestum, Italy, ca. 550 BC
columns are entasis
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, Greece, ca. 510-490 BC
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Hera (II), a.k.a. Temple of Poseidon, Paestum, Italy, ca. 460 BC
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
(pl. acroteria) ornament placed at the apex or end of a pediment |
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Term
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Definition
a pilaster not conforming to the order used elsewhere in a building, usually placed at the ends of the projecting walls of a temple portico or pronaos |
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Term
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Definition
the sanctuary of a Greek temple, which houses the cult statue |
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Term
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Definition
in Greek architecture, the stepped platform upon which the superstructure of a building is erected. The uppermost level of the crepidoma is the stylobate, and the lower levels are the stereobate |
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Term
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Definition
literally, swelling. A slight convex curve to the profile of a column |
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Term
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Definition
a false rear porch of a Greek temple |
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Term
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Definition
in classical architecture, a column with a base (usually), shaft, capital, and entablature, decorated and proportioned according to one of the accepted modes (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) |
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Term
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Definition
in classical architecture, a low-pitched gable above a portico, formed by running the top member of the entablature along the sides of the gable |
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Term
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Definition
a single colennade surrounding a building or courtyard |
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Term
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Definition
a shallow pier or rectangular column projecting only slightly from a wall, and, in classical architecture, conforming with one of the orders |
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Term
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Definition
a roofed space, open or partly enclosed, forming the entrance and center-piece of the facade of a temple, house, or church, often with detached or attached columns and a pediment. (either prostyle or in antis) |
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Term
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Definition
in a Greek temple, the space between the walls and the colonnades |
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Term
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Definition
antechamber before the naos |
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Term
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Definition
a substructure of masonry visible above ground level |
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Term
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Definition
a continuous flat coping or pavement on which a row of columns is supported |
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Term
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Definition
the triangular space enclosed by the mouldings of a pediment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
featherd, winged, or a row of columns |
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Term
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Definition
having columns placed between two pilasters (antae) on the end of projecting walls |
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Term
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Definition
(from Greek, stylos, meaning pillar) having columns across the front of a temple, but not between the projecting walls |
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Term
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Definition
same as prostyle, but with columns at both ends |
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Term
A: distyle
B: tetrastyle
C: hexastyle
D: octastyle |
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Definition
A: two columns across temple front
B: four columns across front
C: six columns across front
D: eight columns across front |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
surrounded by a single peristyle or row of columns |
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Term
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Definition
surrounded by a double peristyle or row of columns |
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Term
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Definition
Polykleitos, sculp., Doryphoros (Spear Bearer), Roman marble copy after Greek bronze original of ca. 450-440 BC
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Term
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Definition
Mnesikles, arch., Proplylaea, Acropolis of Athens, 437-432 BC
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Term
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Definition
Kallikrates, arch., Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis of Athens, 427-424 BC
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Term
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Definition
Iktinos and Kallikrates, archs., Parthenon, Acropolis of Athens, 448-432 BC |
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Term
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Definition
Phidias, sculp., sculptural program of the Parthenon, Acropolis of Athens, 448-432 BC
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Term
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Definition
Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, ca. 421-407 BC
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Term
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Definition
“Porch of the Maidens,” Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, ca. 421-407 BC
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Term
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Definition
Greek, "high city." The upper citadel of a Greek city, usually the site where important temples were erected |
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Term
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Definition
a sculptured femal figured used as a column, as on the Erechtheion at the Acropolis of Athens |
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Term
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Definition
armory at the Acropolis in Athens, holding the arms of the goddess Athena, as well as votive offerings |
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Term
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Definition
Greek, young woman. An Archaic Greek statuary type depicting a young woman |
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Term
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Definition
Greek, young man. An Archaic Greek statuary type depicting a young man |
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Term
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Definition
a simple, long, woolen, belted garment worn by ancient Greek women |
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Term
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Definition
Greek, picture gallery. At the Acropolis of Athens this room of the Propylaea contained a picture gallery and functioned as a rest lounge for visitors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
Persia attacks Greek mainland |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
432- 404 BC
Sparta defeats Athens |
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Term
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Definition
Polykleitos the Younger, Theater, Epidauros, Greece, ca. 350 BC
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Term
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Definition
Choragic Monument of Lysikrates, Athens, ca. 335 BC
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Term
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Definition
Agora at Athens, later fifth century BC; rebuilt second century BC
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Term
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Definition
Stoa of Attalos II, Athens, 159-132 BC
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Term
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Definition
Iktinos, arch., Temple of Apollo Epicurius, Bassae, Greece, ca. 450-425 BC
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Term
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Definition
Athanadoros, Hagesandros, and Polydoros of Rhodes, sculps., Laocoön and His Sons, from Rome, marble, early first century AD
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Term
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Definition
Paionios of Ephesos and Daphnis of Miletos, archs., Temple of Apollo, Didyma, Turkey, begun 313 BC
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Term
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Definition
City plan of Priene, Turkey, fourth century BC
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Term
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Definition
Altar of Zeus, Pergamon, Turkey, ca. 181-159 BC
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Term
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Definition
the open meeting place or market place in an ancient Greek city |
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Term
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Definition
an ancient Greek assembly building or council hall |
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Term
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Definition
a monument built to honor the winner of a choral contest |
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Term
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Definition
a small ancient Greek or Roman theater, often roofed and used for musical performances |
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Term
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Definition
an ancient Greek wrestling school; or, more generally, an ancient Greek or Roman building for athletic training |
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Term
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Definition
(proscenium) a raised platform from which actors performed their lines in a Greek theater |
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Term
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Definition
a backdrop building in a Greek theater |
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Term
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Definition
In ancient Greece, a long, roofed portico with columns along the front and a wall at the back; used for shops, meetings, or exhibitions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Johann Joachim Winkelmann |
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Definition
1717-1768 AD
Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums (“History of Art among the Ancients”), 1764 |
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