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Exam 1
exam review
189
Architecture
Undergraduate 2
10/12/2013

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

Thomas Cole, The Architect’s Dream, oil on canvas, 1840

Term
[image]
Definition

Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein, Goethe in the Roman Campagna, oil on canvas, 1786

Term
[image]
Definition

Architecture student with sketchbook at the Parthenon, Athens, 2008

Term
[image]
Definition

Reconstruction drawing, of a prehistoric hut, Terra Amata, near Nice, France, ca. 400,000 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Painted caves at Lascaux, Dordogne, France, ca. 15000-13000 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Carnac alignments, Brittany, France, ca. 4250-3750 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Carnac alignments, Brittany, France, ca. 4250-3750 BC


"Le Geant" mehir

Term
[image]
Definition

Dolmen Menga, Antequera, Andalusia, Spain, ca. 2500 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England, ca. 2900-1400 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Çatal Hüyük, Konya Plain, Anatolia, Turkey, ca. 6500-5700 BC

Term
dolmen
Definition
a prehistoric tomb made up of large upright stones, capped with a horizontal stone, and originally buried under an earth mound
Term
henge
Definition
a cirlce of upright stones or posts
Term
henge
Definition
a cirle of upright stones or posts
Term
megalith
Definition
a large stone
Term
menhir
Definition
a prehistoric monument in the form of a large, upright stone
Term
palimpsest
Definition
a surface that is written or drawn upon, and then cleared and reused, often leaving trace remnants of the previous work
Term
trabeation
Definition
construction using upright posts and horizontal lintels, not arches or vaults; also knows as "post-and-beam" or "post-and-lintel" construction
Term
wattle and daub
Definition
building materials used for making walls, consisting of "wattle" or thin branches weaved between upright stakes, and reinforced by applying "daub" or a plaster-like substance over the wattle structure
Term
lithos
Definition
Greek for "stone"
Term
Paleolithic Period
Definition
40,000-10,000 BC
Term
Mesolithic Period
Definition
10,000-8,000 BC
Term
Neolithic Period
Definition
8,000-3,500 BC
Term
[image]
Definition

Statues of Gudea, including one holding temple plan, from Girsu, Iraq, diorite, ca. 2100 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

White Temple and Ziggurat, Uruk (Warka, Iraq), ca. 3500-3000 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Stele with law code of Hammurabi, from Susa, Iran, basalt, ca. 1780 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu, Ur, Iraq, ca. 2100 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Citadel of Sargon II at Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad, Iraq), ca. 720 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Lamassu figures and tribute bearers, gypsum, from Citadel of Sargon II at Dur Sharrukin, ca. 720 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Ishtar Gate, Babylon (Iraq), glazed brick, ca. 575 BC

Term
bent-axis approach
Definition
in ancient Mesopotamia, an indirect approach into a temple or a cella; generally gods entered into a temple on the long axis, while humans entered on the short axis and turned 90-degrees to approach the cult statue
Term
bitumen
Definition
an asphalt of Asia Minor used in ancient times as a cement and mortar
Term
cella
Definition
the main room in a temple, housing the cult statue
Term
lamassu
Definition
an Assyrian guardian in the form of a human-headed winged bull
Term
ziggurat
Definition
in ancient Mesopotamia, a pyramidal mound or tower built of mud-brick forming the base of a temple, usually stepped or having a borad ascent winding around it
Term
[image]
Definition
Mastaba tomb diagrams
Term
[image]
Definition

Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC


Entrance hall and colonnade

Term
[image]
Definition

Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC


Jubilee Court

Term
[image]
Definition

Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC


South Palace

Term
[image]
Definition

Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC


North Palace

Term
[image]
Definition

Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC


Step pyramid

Term
[image]
Definition

Bent Pyramid of Sneferu, Dahshur, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom)

Term
[image]
Definition

Pyramid of Khafre (Chefren), Giza, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2530 BC


Great Sphinx

Term
[image]
Definition

Pyramid of Khafre (Chefren), Giza, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2530 BC


Valley Temple

 

 

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC


Grand Gallery

Term
[image]
Definition

Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC


King's Chamber

Term
[image]
Definition

Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC


Tomb of Amenemhet

Term
[image]
Definition

Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC


Tomb of Kheit

Term
ben-ben
Definition
a cone-shaped stone in Egypt, which was the most sacred relic of the sun god Re; the basis of the pyramidian form
Term
clerestory
Definition
windows placed high in a wall, usually above lower roof elements
Term
colossal
Definition
a very large; as in colossal statue or colossal column (which rises several stories)
Term
engaged column
Definition
a column attached to or appearing to be partly embedded in a wall
Term
ka
Definition
in ancient Egypt, the immortal human life force
Term
mastaba
Definition
(from Arabic, bench) an Egyptian tomb with a flat top and sloping sides, built over a grave shaft
Term
necropolis
Definition
(Greek, city of the dead) a large burial area or cemetery
Term
Proto-Doric columns
Definition
column forms found in ancient Egypt which pre-date (come "before") later Greek Doric columns, but which look very similar
Term
reed construction
Definition
a traditional Egyptian form of building with dried river reeds that are bound together
Term
relieving lintel
Definition
acts similarly to a relieving arch. A lintel (or rough construction) placed in a wall or above an opening to relieve it of superincumbent weight
Term
serdab
Definition
a small concealed chamber in an Egyptian mastaba for the statue of the deceased
Term
sphinx
Definition
a mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion and the head of a human
Term
Early Kingdom
Definition

Dynasties I-VI

 

ca. 2920-2134 BC

Term
Middle Kingdom
Definition

Dynasties XI-XIII

 

ca. 2040-1640 BC

Term
New Kingdom
Definition

Dynasties XVIII- XX

 

ca. 1550-1070 BC

Term
Late Period
Definition

Dynasties XXI-XXI

 

1070-332 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Corridor tomb of Seti I, Valley of the Kings, near Thebes, Dynasty XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1279 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Funerary Temple of Mentuhotep, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XI (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2061-2010 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Senmut, arch., Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XVIII (New Kingdom), ca. 1473-1458 BC


Portico of the Anubic Sancuary

Term
[image]
Definition

Senmut, arch., Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XVIII (New Kingdom), ca. 1473-1458 BC


Chapel to Hathor, with Hathor-headed capitals

Term
[image]
Definition

Senmut, arch., Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XVIII (New Kingdom), ca. 1473-1458 BC


Punt Colennade

Term
[image]
Definition

Senmut, arch., Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XVIII (New Kingdom), ca. 1473-1458 BC


Colossal statues of Hatshepsut as Osiris

Term
atlantid
Definition
a male figure that functions as a supporting column
Term
axis
Definition
a main line of direction, motion, growth, or extension
Term
caryatid
Definition
a female figure that functions as a supporting column
Term
column
Definition
an upright structural member, circular in plan, and usually slightly tapering; in classical architecture it consists of a base, shaft, and capital
Term
hypostyle hall
Definition
a large hall composed of many columns placed close together to support the roof, which gives the appearance of a forest of columns
Term
[image]
Definition

Temple of Horus, Edfu, Dynasty XXXI (Ptolemaic), 237-57 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Great Temple of Amon, Karnak, Thebes, Dynasty XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1350-1205 BC


Hypostyle Hall

Term
[image]
Definition

Temple of Amon-Mut-Khonsu, Luxor, Thebes, mainly Dynasties XVIII and XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1408-1300 BC


Avenue of Sphinxes 

Term
[image]
Definition

Temple of Amon-Mut-Khonsu, Luxor, Thebes, mainly Dynasties XVIII and XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1408-1300 BC


Pylon of Ramses II

Term
[image]
Definition

Temple of Amon-Mut-Khonsu, Luxor, Thebes, mainly Dynasties XVIII and XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1408-1300 BC


Obelisk of Ramses II

Term
[image]
Definition

Great Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel, Dynasty XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1290-1224 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Hassan Fathy, arch., New Gourna village, Egypt, 1947-48

Term
ashlar
Definition
hewn blocks of masonry wrought to even faces and square edges and laid in horizontal courses with vertical joints, as opposed to rubble or unhewn stone straight from the quarry
Term
capital
Definition
the head or crowning feature of a column
Term
colennade
Definition
a row of columns which carries an entablature
Term
hypostyle hall
Definition
a large hall composed of many columns placed close together to support the roof, which gives the appearance of a forest of columns
Term
obelisk
Definition
a tall tapering shaft of monolithic stone, of square or rectangular section, and ending pyramidally
Term
pylon
Definition
a massive entrance to an Egypian temple, with sloping walls and a central opening
Term
[image]
Definition

Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC


plan

Term
[image]
Definition

Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC


magazines

Term
[image]
Definition

Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC


courtyard

Term
[image]
Definition

Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC


throne room

Term
[image]
Definition

Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC


Queen's megaron

Term
[image]
Definition

Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC


staircase

Term
[image]
Definition

Citadel at Tiryns, Peloponnesus, Mycenae, ca. 1300 BC


plan

Term
[image]
Definition

Citadel at Tiryns, Peloponnesus, Mycenae, ca. 1300 BC


Cycolpean walls

Term
[image]
Definition

Citadel at Tiryns, Peloponnesus, Mycenae, ca. 1300 BC


postern gates

Term
[image]
Definition

Citadel at Tiryns, Peloponnesus, Mycenae, ca. 1300 BC


megaron

Term
[image]
Definition

Megaron, Palace at Pylos, 13th century BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Citadel and Palace of Mycenae, Greece, ca. 1600-1250 BC


Lion Gate, ca. 1300 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Citadel and Palace of Mycenae, Greece, ca. 1600-1250 BC


Grave Circle A

Term
[image]
Definition

Citadel and Palace of Mycenae, Greece, ca. 1600-1250 BC


Treasury of Atreus, ca. 1330 BC

Term
corbel
Definition
parallel masonry layers, each projecting beyond the one below
Term
corbel arch
Definition
a "false" arch constructed by progressively cantilevering or corbelling from the two sides with horizontal joints
Term
cushion capital
Definition
in pre-Classical Greek architecture, a simple rounded capital carved from a block of stone, resembling a round cushion or pillow
Term
cyclopean stones
Definition
in pre-Classical Greek architecture, masonry constructed of very large irregular blocks of stone. The later Greeks believed such masonry was the work of a race of giants, the Cyclopes
Term
dromos
Definition
a long, high-walled, sloping entrance passage to a Mycenean tholos tomb
Term
jamb
Definition
the vertical face of an archway, doorway, or window
Term
labyrinth
Definition
a building with, or arrangement of, winding and confusing passageways
Term
megaron
Definition
the principle hall of an Anatolian, Cretan, or Mycenean palace or house. It is rectangular in plan, with a circular central hearth and a front porch formed by the prolongation of the side walls
Term
postern
Definition
a small gateway, sometimes concealed, at the back of a castle, town, or monastery.
Term
propylaeum
Definition
an entrance-gateway to an enclosure (usually a temple or a palace precinct)
Term
relieving arch
Definition
an arch, usually of rough construction, placed in a wall above an arch or any opening, to relieve it of much of the superincumbent weight
Term
tholos
Definition
(pl., tholoi) a round tomb. In Mycenean architecture, a round, corbel-vaulted tomb; also referred to as a "beehive" tomb
Term
[image]
Definition

Greek shrine, votive clay model, from Argos (Greece), eighth century BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Plates of primitive buildings, from Sir William Chambers, A Treatise on Civil Architecture (London, 1759)

Term
[image]
Definition

Doric Order

 

tapers upward, inspired by a male

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Ionic Order

 

volutes inspired by a woman's hair

Term
[image]
Definition

Corinthian Order

 

a maiden, origin from Vitruvius?

Term
[image]
Definition

Temple of Hera (I), a.k.a. Basilica, Paestum, Italy, ca. 550 BC


columns are entasis

Term
[image]
Definition

Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, Greece, ca. 510-490 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Temple of Hera (II), a.k.a. Temple of Poseidon, Paestum, Italy, ca. 460 BC

Term
[image]
Definition
Fluting and Aris
Term
[image]
Definition
Hexistyle Peripteral
Term
[image]
Definition

A: in antis


B: prostyle

Term
acroterion
Definition
(pl. acroteria) ornament placed at the apex or end of a pediment
Term
anta
Definition
a pilaster not conforming to the order used elsewhere in a building, usually placed at the ends of the projecting walls of a temple portico or pronaos
Term
cella (or naos)
Definition
the sanctuary of a Greek temple, which houses the cult statue
Term
crepidoma
Definition
in Greek architecture, the stepped platform upon which the superstructure of a building is erected. The uppermost level of the crepidoma is the stylobate, and the lower levels are the stereobate
Term
entasis
Definition
literally, swelling. A slight convex curve to the profile of a column
Term
opisthodomos
Definition
a false rear porch of a Greek temple
Term
Order
Definition
in classical architecture, a column with a base (usually), shaft, capital, and entablature, decorated and proportioned according to one of the accepted modes (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian)
Term
pediment
Definition
in classical architecture, a low-pitched gable above a portico, formed by running the top member of the entablature along the sides of the gable
Term
peristyle
Definition
a single colennade surrounding a building or courtyard
Term
pilaster
Definition
a shallow pier or rectangular column projecting only slightly from a wall, and, in classical architecture, conforming with one of the orders
Term
portico
Definition
a roofed space, open or partly enclosed, forming the entrance and center-piece of the facade of a temple, house, or church, often with detached or attached columns and a pediment. (either prostyle or in antis)
Term
pteroma
Definition
in a Greek temple, the space between the walls and the colonnades
Term
pronaos
Definition
antechamber before the naos
Term
stereobate
Definition
a substructure of masonry visible above ground level
Term
stylobate
Definition
a continuous flat coping or pavement on which a row of columns is supported
Term
tympanum
Definition
the triangular space enclosed by the mouldings of a pediment
Term
stylos
Definition
pillar
Term
ptero-
Definition
featherd, winged, or a row of columns
Term
in antis
Definition
having columns placed between two pilasters (antae) on the end of projecting walls
Term
prostyle
Definition
(from Greek, stylos, meaning pillar) having columns across the front of a temple, but not between the projecting walls
Term
amphiprostyle
Definition
same as prostyle, but with columns at both ends
Term
A: distyle

B: tetrastyle

C: hexastyle

D: octastyle
Definition

A: two columns across temple front

B: four columns across front

C: six columns across front

D: eight columns across front

Term
pteron
Definition
an exterior colonnade
Term
peripteral
Definition
surrounded by a single peristyle or row of columns
Term
dipteral
Definition
surrounded by a double peristyle or row of columns
Term
[image]
Definition

Polykleitos, sculp., Doryphoros (Spear Bearer), Roman marble copy after Greek bronze original of ca. 450-440 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Mnesikles, arch., Proplylaea, Acropolis of Athens, 437-432 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Kallikrates, arch., Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis of Athens, 427-424 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Iktinos and Kallikrates, archs., Parthenon, Acropolis of Athens, 448-432 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Phidias, sculp., sculptural program of the Parthenon, Acropolis of Athens, 448-432 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, ca. 421-407 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

“Porch of the Maidens,” Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, ca. 421-407 BC

Term
acropolis
Definition
Greek, "high city." The upper citadel of a Greek city, usually the site where important temples were erected
Term
caryatid
Definition
a sculptured femal figured used as a column, as on the Erechtheion at the Acropolis of Athens
Term
Chalcotheca
Definition
armory at the Acropolis in Athens, holding the arms of the goddess Athena, as well as votive offerings
Term
kore
Definition
Greek, young woman. An Archaic Greek statuary type depicting a young woman
Term
kouros
Definition
Greek, young man. An Archaic Greek statuary type depicting a young man
Term
peplos
Definition
a simple, long, woolen, belted garment worn by ancient Greek women
Term
Pinacotheca
Definition
Greek, picture gallery. At the Acropolis of Athens this room of the Propylaea contained a picture gallery and functioned as a rest lounge for visitors
Term
polis
Definition
Greek, city
Term
Greco- Persian Wars
Definition
ca. 499-448 BC
Term
Persia attacks Greek mainland
Definition
490 BC and 480-479 BC
Term
Peloponnesian War
Definition

432- 404 BC

 

Sparta defeats Athens

Term
[image]
Definition

Polykleitos the Younger, Theater, Epidauros, Greece, ca. 350 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Choragic Monument of Lysikrates, Athens, ca. 335 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Agora at Athens, later fifth century BC; rebuilt second century BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Stoa of Attalos II, Athens, 159-132 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Iktinos, arch., Temple of Apollo Epicurius, Bassae, Greece, ca. 450-425 BC 

Term
[image]
Definition

Athanadoros, Hagesandros, and Polydoros of Rhodes, sculps., Laocoön and His Sons, from Rome, marble, early first century AD

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Paionios of Ephesos and Daphnis of Miletos, archs., Temple of Apollo, Didyma, Turkey, begun 313 BC

Term
[image]
Definition

City plan of Priene, Turkey, fourth century BC

Term
[image]
Definition

Altar of Zeus, Pergamon, Turkey, ca. 181-159 BC

Term
agora
Definition
the open meeting place or market place in an ancient Greek city
Term
bouleuterion
Definition
an ancient Greek assembly building or council hall
Term
choragic monument
Definition
a monument built to honor the winner of a choral contest
Term
odeion
Definition
a small ancient Greek or Roman theater, often roofed and used for musical performances
Term
palaestra
Definition
an ancient Greek wrestling school; or, more generally, an ancient Greek or Roman building for athletic training
Term
proskenion
Definition
(proscenium) a raised platform from which actors performed their lines in a Greek theater
Term
skene
Definition
a backdrop building in a Greek theater
Term
stoa
Definition
In ancient Greece, a long, roofed portico with columns along the front and a wall at the back; used for shops, meetings, or exhibitions
Term
Hippodamus of Miletus
Definition
active ca. 500 BC
Term
Johann Joachim Winkelmann
Definition

1717-1768 AD 

 

Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums (“History of Art among the Ancients”), 1764

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