Term
| virulence factors for attachment- |
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Definition
adhesions
pilli/fimbrae
adherance proteins/other molecules (could be sugars or lipids) |
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Term
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Definition
protein based/ not pili/fimbrae
promote attachment |
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Term
| examples of Virulence Factors: Attachment |
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Definition
Vibrio cholerae:uses pili for adherance
UTI pili to attach to bladder
Escherichia coli O157:H7: “intimin” attachment protein |
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Term
Virulence Factors: Survival Within the Host
live in -- environment
avoid-
-- and -- cell to cell
use -- as -- to fool -- |
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Definition
hostile
white blood cells/ blood proteins
hide and move
Uses WBC as camouflage, fool immune system |
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Term
| which microbe Uses WBC as camouflage, fool immune system |
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Definition
| Esp. salmonella typhimurium ENTERS cells and cause problems (only microbe that does this) |
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Term
| different systems for protein secretion depends on |
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Definition
G+ vs G- bacteria
Microbe
Location of protein (membrane, periplasm (G-), external)
signaling/no organelles |
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Term
| Secretion system -- and are for -- |
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Definition
1-6 export proteins completely out of cell
GRAM NEGATIVE ONLY |
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Term
| what makes G- protein export easier than g+ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inside has a plunger and outside has a hole. Protein is directed and booted out by the internal protein shoving it out. This is related to pili and fimbrae. Not really a permanent structure/except the pore |
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Term
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Definition
| syringe. Related to flagella. Has motors, extends in outer and inner membrane and whatever proteins are trying to get are jammed out like a needle/syringe. Permanent |
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Term
| Vibrio cholerae G- Transmission |
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Definition
Horizontal :Fecal/oral (direct contact)
Contaminated water
Environmental reservoir :water
Really great ability to survive in fresh water/osmotolerant or halotolerant. |
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Term
| Vibrio cholerae G- Attachment |
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Definition
| Pili (lysogenic) adhere to intestinal epithelia cell (lining) |
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Term
| Vibrio cholerae G- Infectious dose |
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Definition
10^6 normally killed by stomach acid (million) difinetly nutralophilic
(very high) |
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Term
| Would you see 10^6 with a spectrophometer? |
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Definition
| No you need 10^7 cells or OD= .1 |
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Term
| Vibrio cholerae G- Disease course |
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Definition
Acute
Self-limiting (microbe gets rid of itself) don’t take antibiotics. Just outlast the disease is better than having LPS released |
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Term
| Vibrio cholerae G- Virulence factor: |
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Definition
Cholera toxin (AB5 toxin)
Lysogenic
Type 2 secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| one a subunit and 5 B subunits |
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Term
| Cholera toxin interferes with |
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Definition
cell signaling
Cholera latches on, spits out toxin which enters the cells (microbe stays out). Host cell signaling is messed up causes ions to rush out. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ions (electrolytes) go out, water diffuses out= massive diarrhea |
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Term
| Diarrhea adv for cholera: |
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Definition
| as its doubling it will be washed away but it is a way for microbe to get out and find next host. |
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Term
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Definition
Sanitation/safe water supply (especially boiling water)
Vaccination |
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Term
| Vibrio cholerae treatment |
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Definition
(self limiting)
Usually no antibiotics
Hydration/electrolyte replacement
Survival rate w/hydration 99% |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 AKA |
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Definition
| Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) or Shiga-toxin (STEC) E. coli |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 refers to |
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Definition
| O specific polysacharide, how this strain is ID’d |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 transmission: |
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Definition
Horizontal: Fecal/oral, especially hands, formites
Environmental reservoir: Water (also manure)
Zoonotic carrier/biological reservoir: Cows
Does not cause problems in cows. Cows have comensle relationship with this microbes. |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 attachement: |
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Definition
Adhesins: intimin (outer membrane protein) and Tir (receptor)
Both come from E. coli- Makes what it needs to stick to cells and the receptor that it needs to bind it. |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 infectious dose |
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Definition
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 disease course |
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Definition
acute
Usually self limiting (for most ppl) some cases (bad IS) will need tx |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 virulence factors |
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Definition
Intimin/Tir
shiga toxins Stx1 Stx2 |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 Intimin/Tir |
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Definition
Secreted via type 3 (syringe/needle)
Pedestal= edge of epithelial cell pokes up and puts e coli on a platform
Destroy microvilli (affect our absorption of nutrients) |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 shiga toxins |
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Definition
(more AB5 toxins/diff function than cholera)
Lysogenic
Type2 secretion |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 disease course overview: |
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Definition
Host cell cant synthesize protein, dies
Intestinal lining breaks down
Hemorrhage (free iron) -> bloody diarrhea |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 disease course best case: |
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Definition
Hemorrhagic colitis (best case)
All blood no stool |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 disease course worst case: |
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Definition
| Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) |
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Term
| Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) |
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Definition
Shiga toxin toxemia
Hemolytic anemia
Renal failure
Thrombocytopenia (drop in platelets)
Cant form blood clots
O157:H7 may make hemolysin (another AB5 toxin)
Ttp= Fever, nervous system effects |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 control: |
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Definition
Sanitation/safe water supply
Handwashing, cooking meat well down |
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Term
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 tx |
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Definition
No antibiotics- ab will release endotoxin/lipid A= worse shape
Hydration/electrolyte replacement
HUS/TTP: anti inflamatories, blood transfusions, dialysis if needed |
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Term
| Salmonella enterica/typhi transmission |
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Definition
Horizontal: fecal/oral, esp hands, fomites
Zoonotic carriers/biological reservoirs/biological vectors: reptiles, amphibians, bird, hedgehogs
Petting zoos |
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Term
| Salmonella enterica/typhi attachment |
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Definition
| Adhesions stick to epithelia |
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Term
| Salmonella enterica/typhi infectious dose |
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Definition
| Strain-dependent: 1-1,000+ |
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