Term
The central nervous system refers to the:
-brain only
-association neurons (interneurons)
-grey matter in the brain and spinal cord only
-brain and spinal cord
-neurons in both the brain and spinal cord but not neurons in the periphery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How do skeletal muscles send information into the CNS?
-they don't
-special sensory receptors (receptors from the special senses) send impulses along the sensory afferent tracts
-visceral motor tracts carry information along efferent tracts
-they use acetylcholine
-somatic sensory receptors send proprioceptive information along sensory afferents |
|
Definition
| somatic sensory receptors send proprioceptive information along sensory afferents |
|
|
Term
The efferent division of the nervous system includes:
-the somatic motor division
-the autonomic division
-the sensory division
-all of the above
-the somatic motor division AND the autonomic division |
|
Definition
| the somatic motor division AND the autonomic division |
|
|
Term
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system includes sensory efferents that innervate glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Neurons are the most abundant cell type in the CNS and they often cluster into groups called nuclei.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Schwann cells are to satellite cells as oligodendrocytes are to:
-astrocytes
-microglia
-ependymal cells
-all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the phagocytic cells of the CNS are:
-ependymal cells
-microglia
-satellite cells
-astrocytes
-Schwann cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Grey matter may consist of neurons, axons and dendrites, but not neuroglia. Neuroglia are found in the white matter only.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Association neurons may be found in the spinal cord.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Unmyelinated axons may be found:
-in grey matter
-in the cerebral cortex
-in white matter
-in grey matter AND in the cerebral cortex
-all of the above |
|
Definition
| in grey matter AND in the cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
A groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a:
-gyrus
-sulcus
-plexus
-nexus
-hillock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following structures connects the cerebral hemispheres?
-the longitudinal fissure
-the cerebellum
-the arbor vitae
-the corpus callosum
-the pons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These tracts of myelinated axons join areas within a single cerebral hemisphere:
-projection
-association
-commissural
-none of the above
-all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The basal ganglia are really the same structures as basal nuclei and should actually be referred to as basal nuclei because of where they're found. The old name has just stuck around by convention.
-True
-False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A major relay station for most descending sensory impulses, the thalmus is often referred to as the "gateway to the cerebral cortex".
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describing brain function, descending from the cerebrum to the medulla brain functions become more complex and variable.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The main visceral control center of the body, this area is in charge of maintaining homeostasis of parameters like blood pressure, temperature and water balance.
-thalmus
-hypothalmus
-nuclei in the cerebral hemispheres
-cerebellum
-pons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The brainstem consists of the:
-medulla oblongata and pons
-diencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata
-midbrain, medulla oblongata, pons
-pons, medulla oblongata and spinal cord
-the limbic system and the medulla oblongata |
|
Definition
| midbrain, medulla oblongata, pons |
|
|
Term
The cerebral hemispheres have grey matter on th eoutside and white on the interior ot deep aspect. The cerebellum, however, is reverse - white matter is superficial and grey is deep.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For something to reach one's awareness, it must make it as far as the cerebellar cortex.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following are functions of the cerebrospinal fluid?
-provide buoyancy for the brain, helping support its weight.
-provide cushioning for the brain's delicate structures.
-transport nutrients, chemical messengers and waste to and from the brain
-all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In what part of the brain would you find the pneomotaxic apneustic areas?
-pons
-brain stem
-medulla oblongata
-pons and the medulla oblongata
-all of the above |
|
Definition
| pons and the medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
The medulla oblongata is that area where higher cognition, awareness and complex thought are found. That's what makes it such a drag to have that area of your brain damaged.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What part of the brain evaluates and coordinates motor activities initiated by the cerebrum and corrects problems by sending info back to the cerebrum?
-pons
-hypothalmus
-thalmus
-medulla oblongata
-cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Your roomates wanders in with a nail in her head, even though you have a test to study for. She's acting a bit off and you realize her life is in the balance. Only your knowledge of anatomy can save her! Name the structures the nail penetrated from superficial to deep and save your roommate's life.
1. arachnoid mater
2. pia mater
3. dural sinus
4. dura mater (periosteal layer)
5. subarachnoid space
6. dura mater (meningeal layer)
-4, 6, 3, 1, 2, 5
-4, 5, 6, 1, 3, 2
-1, 5, 6, 4, 3, 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A vascular sinus is part of the arterial supply of blood to a region of the body.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CSF is found within:
-subarachnoid
-ventricles
-central canal
-all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CSF does not circulate but sits unchanging in a closed system of ventricles and spaces. This is what makes increased CSF pressure so dangerous - there's nowhere for it to go.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following glial cells aid in repairing damaged neural tissue and help provide nutrition to the nervous tissues?
-oligodendrocytes
-microglia
-Schwann cells
-astrocytes
-ependymal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The blood-brain barrier is formed by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of capillaries of the CNS and reinforced by foot preocesses of astrocytes. Its function is to isolate the nervous tissue in the central nervous system from the general circulation.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The blood-brain barrier is intended to keep lipid-soluble compounds like O2, CO2, steroids, and prostaglandins out of the interstitial fluid of the brain and spinal cord.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cerebrospinal fluid:
-is the fluid that fills the dural sinus surrounding the brain and spinal cord
-is the exact same thing as blood, but it's found in the CNS
-is formed in the choroid plexuses in the ventricles
-is secreted by the arachnoid mater |
|
Definition
| is formed in the choroid plexuses in the ventricles |
|
|
Term
Arachnoid granulations act as valves to:
-take blood from the sinuses to the subarachnoid space
-take CSF from the choroid plexus to the various ventricles
-allow flow of CSF and blood back and forth between the ventricles and the superior sagittal sinus
-allow flow of CSF from the subarachnoid space into the venous drainage via the sinuses
-relieve pressure from any potential spaces that might fill up with blood after some kind of trauma |
|
Definition
| allow flow of CSF from the subarachnoid space into the venous drainage via the sinuses |
|
|
Term
The blood-brain barrier is formed by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of capillaries of the central nervous system and reinforced by foot processes of astrocytes. Its function is to isolate the nervous tissue in the central nervous system from the general circulation.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The total volume of CSF in an average adult is approximately:
-1 liter
-16 oz.
-80-150 mLs
-80-150 Ls
-35-60 Ls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The volume of CSF is replaced about once every 3-4 days.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Corticospinal tracts carry _____________ impulses.
-sensory afferent
-motor afferent
-sensory efferent
-motor efferent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If I'm reaching over to smack a sleeping student, what neurotransmitter is being released at the neuromuscular junction of my student-smacking muscles?
-epinephrine
-Ca2+
-norepinephrine
-adrenaline
-acetylcholine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Arachnoid granulations protrude into:
-the subarachnoid space
-sinus areas in the brain (like the superior sagittal sinus)
-subdural space
-ventricles
-the hypothalmus in order for the homeostatic mechanisms controlled there to monitor the CNS |
|
Definition
| sinus areas in the brain (like the superior sagittal sinus) |
|
|
Term
Arachnoid trabeculae are hard bony structires that hold the arachnoid and the pia apart to allow fluid to flow between them.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Proprioception refers to:
-your ability to sense when other people or objects are approaching you from the rear
-your ability to know where your body is relative to other parts of your body
-that narrow strip of skin and muscle innervated by a single spinal nerve
-your ability to perceive referred pain |
|
Definition
| your ability yo know where your body is relative to other parts of your body |
|
|
Term
You walk into a room and smell coconut. Suddenly you're reminded of that time at the beach when your girlfriend broke up with you. What the heck is going on?
-you're just still a little emotional because your medulla oblongata won't let go of those painful memories
-your limbic system just made a connection for you. Thanks limbic system. Thanks a lot. |
|
Definition
| your limbic system just made a connection for you. Thanks limbic system. Thanks a lot. |
|
|
Term
The hypothalmus is a collection of ganglia that is responsible for maintaining visceral homeostatic mechanisms.
-true
-false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An action potential arrives at the terminus of an axon at the neuromuscular junction, opens voltage-gated Ca channels and Ca rushes into the cell. This allows vesicles containing ACh receptors which open Na channels in the post-synaptic membrane. Na rushes into that post-synaptic cell, depolarizing the membrane at that area enough to open voltage-gated _______ channels and propagate an action potential. This action potential flashes through the t-tubles and causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release _______ allowing actin and myosin to bind together and cause contraction of the muscle cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The frontal and parietal lobes are divided by the _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is that part of the brain called that has been termed the "emotional brain" and is associated with emotions as well as basic behavioral patterns? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain contains nuclei that regulate autonomic functions such as your heartbeat and respirations (reflex centers such as the respiratory center and the cardiovascular center)? |
|
Definition
| White matter/autonomic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| What structure is found at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure? |
|
Definition
|
|
