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Definition
| An original Study (What we use) |
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Definition
reviews of other studies
sometimes called meta-analysis |
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Definition
Discusses a theory
No experiment
No method section |
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Definition
Statistically evaluates (ex. IQ test)
Names measurement in title
suggestions for the use of statistics |
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Definition
1 to a hand full of people
something rare
cannot be generalized! |
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| Work that is not acceptable for reference |
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Definition
magazines
textbooks
self-help |
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| 3 Requirements to publish in a journal |
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Definition
Study not previously published
Researchers must agree it can be archived
Peer reviewed |
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Term
| Format of Emperical Articles |
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Definition
Title and author info
Abstract
Intro
Methods
Results
Discussion
References |
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Definition
manipulates variables
typically has experiment and control groups
don't always have to have two groups
purpose to establish cause and effect |
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| Non Experiments (3 points) |
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Definition
ONLY observation or measuring variables
cannot establish cause and effect
Only that variables are related |
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Definition
most common type of non experiment
Asks directly about people's behavior |
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Definition
Not the same as a survey
paper copy or electronic administered |
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Cross Sectional
Adv. and dis |
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Definition
Assess participants at only one given time.
Adv. faster
Dis. "snap shot" in time |
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Term
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Definition
Measures a participant(s) at multiple points in time.
Adv. more accurate
Dis. Too much time and expenses. |
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Term
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Definition
Data is reported in numbers
Have: mean, median, mode, range
Large samples, faster, NO quotations! |
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Definition
| Data is in the form of stories open ended questions researchers can ONLY look for THEMES Longer, quality, small samples Not statistically analyzed |
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| Levels of variables depends on... |
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Definition
How the researcher measures the variable.
Must be at least two |
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Definition
Manipulated
Causes the reaction of the dependent
"predictor variable" |
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Definition
Changes in response to the Independent variable
Out come variable
DEPENDS on the IV |
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Term
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Definition
A broad statement about what the study is about
Its okay to be specific though! |
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Term
Research Question
(define, location, written?) |
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Definition
More specific that the Research Purpose
LOCATED at the very end of the intro
Write in a way that it cannot be answered in a yes or no. |
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Term
Hypotheses
(define, location, other names) |
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Definition
Specific prediction about the outcome
Located at the end of the intro
Referred to as H1 or H2 sometimes |
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Definition
Predicts what group will have more or less
This is preferred*** |
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| Introductions include (right order!) |
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Definition
Research purpose
Research Question
Hypotheses |
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Term
| Non Directional Hypothesis |
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Definition
Will say they DIFFER
vague
Used when little research has been conducted |
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Definition
| How you would fine it in a dictionary |
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Term
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Definition
Step by step on how something is measured
Very specific
In the method section |
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Term
Importance of Operational Definitions
without them? |
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Definition
So that researchers may replicate studies.
Without them:
study is limited to being useful
leaves readers skeptical
lack of credibility |
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Term
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Definition
| Graph, charts, or pictures |
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Term
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Definition
| presented in rows and columns |
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| Tables and Figures (the details) |
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Definition
Easy to understand; essential info only
Has to have a title |
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Term
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Definition
title at the top
ONLY horizontal lines
uses alignment
usually have a note at the bottom (*** following)
Table 1 (title under with italized) |
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Term
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Definition
Title at the bottom
Lable x and y
Figure 1. (italized)
Title non italized only first word capitalized followed by a period. |
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Term
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Definition
Tells whether groups are significantly different
Even if they are not equal it doesnt mean they are different.
SD *** or p |
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Term
| Deciding Significant Difference |
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Definition
*** or p
if it is .05 or less then there is a significant difference |
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Term
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Definition
| The instrument is measuring what it is intended to meausure. |
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Definition
| Instrument's measurements yield consistent results. |
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Term
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Definition
All items in a scale measuring the same thing.
Ex: Are you blue? Depressed? Stressed?
stressed does not belong |
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Term
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Definition
method section
symbols: a or r or jesus fish
ranges from 0-1 (closer to one the better)
0.6 or lower considered unreliable |
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Term
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Definition
Can be reliable but not valid
found in the method section |
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