• Starts in England in the 1760's
• The steam engine was invented by James Watts (1769)

Three main points:

1. Western culture moves from hand power to machines (mechinization of manufacture led to higher produced consumer goods)
2. Steam engines changed travel (changed perception of time and space)
3. Broader self awareness begins (not just one of many that make up the world but made up of many)

• 1776
• Protesting of British domination
• Declaration of Independence and Revolutionary War

• 1789
• Power from Monarchy to Parliament
• The fact that aristocrats controlled the wealth and political power offended both the rising middle class and the peasants
• Violent

• Diderot
• Franklin
• Jefferson
• Kant
• Rousseau

Culmination of developments that began in the 16th century when Renaissance humanists revived the arts and philosophies of antiquity

• Revival of Greek and Roman philosophies

• Time period from the Renaissance to the present
• First used in the 17th century to determine modern art from classical

• Political - shift from fuedal and monarchy run states to capitalism
• Economic - a shift from artisan and guild production run houses to factory production and department stores
• Technological - shift from manual labor to machine labor
• Crosscultural Exchange - exchanges with other countries opens up at the same time foreign policies of neo-colonialism led to the rise of colonialism
• Social and Cultural - rise of the metropolis and development of urban leisure activities

• Expands the notion of being of the contemporary world - "Of one's own time"
• Propelled through the Enlightenment, People's Revolutions, and Industrial Revolution
• Concept: cultural values and structures begin to shift

• Response to Modernity
• 19th century - Art that forges into uncharted territory

Three plots:

1. Self-conciousness
2. break from bourgeois or middle class values
3. Trend toward abstraction and non-objective art

1. History
2. Portraits
3. Landscape
4. Still Life
5. Slice of Life

• Delicate, sensual
• Derived from the word rocaille
• mid to late 18th century

• Collection of shells or shell-like form
• Refers to rockeries in 19th century gardens
• Rococo is derived

• Pre-enlightenment philosopher
• "I think therefore I am"

• Voltaire
• Diderot
• d'Alembert

• Sponsored writing of the Encyclopedia (multi-volume, illustrated that included many disciplines)
• Mistress to Louis XIV

1. Teach skills,history, theory, aesthetics
2. Uphold and regulate artistic standards
3. Uplift cultural attitudes towards the arts

Winckelmann

Art Historian

Two works:

1. Reflections on the Imitation of Greek Works in Painting and Sculpture
2. The History of Aincent Art

• Not a mimicking, re-interpretation
• Return to Roman and Greek forms
• Inspired by the redescovery of Pompeii and Hurculaneum

Clergy, nobility, 3rd estate or the commons

Was the National Assembly but decided to not disband until a constitution had been written up and became the Constitutional Assembly

Legalized on June 27th

Radical faction of the revolution

David joined and Robespierre was the head of this wing

Murdered Marat