Term
| Which argument does Mary Anee Warren reject ? |
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Definition
| the conservative argument that says it's wrong to kill an innocent human being, a fetus is an innocent human being, therefore it is wrong to kill a fetus. |
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Term
| Why does Mary Anne Warren reject the conservative argument ? |
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Definition
| she rejects it on the grounds that there is a "fallacy of ambiguity" , meaning that the term "innocent human being" does not apply to a fetus , because a fetus is not morally a person. |
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Term
| What is the conservative argument based upon ? |
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Definition
| the fetus being a biological human being , while Marry Anne warren argues that the fetus is not a person in moral terms . |
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Term
| What qualities does a person have , that a fetus does not according to Marry Anne Warren ? |
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Definition
| A person has consciousness, communication, reasoning , self-motivated activity, and self-awareness . |
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Term
| Marry Annne Warren provides a counter to who's argument ? |
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Definition
| Rejects traditional conservative argument as expressed by John Noonan in "Decididng Who Is Human ." |
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Term
| According to Mary Anne Warren , what does she feel is the status of the fetus , and its role in the argument ? |
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Definition
| Even if a fetus has some of the five personhood characteristics, it has no more than a fish has, and therefore has no more of a person than a fish . |
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Term
| What is Professor Krecz criticism of Mary Anne Warren's argument ? |
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Definition
| He feels as if she has too liberal of an approach . He brought up the example about his parrot, he still wouldn't kill it technically even though it's not really a person , which therfeore means it does not have moral values of a person. According to Mary Anne Warren , you can do whatever you want to get rid of the burden of a fetus , and that's what Professor felt made her argument too strong. Also, what if no one wants to adopt your baby ? then you still have the burden of it. does that make it okay to kill the newborn ?! |
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Term
| what are some weaknesses of Mary Anne Warren's argument ? |
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Definition
| Marry anne Warren appears to support infanticide, because if you extrapolate her argument, a newborn infant has no more personhood characteristics than a fish either, and so , technically you should be able to kill it. . Warren counters this by saying that a newborn is no longer a burden on the mother's body , and therefore she could not kill it, and she should give it up for adoption. |
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Term
| Which position does Mary Anne Warren qualify under ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Don Marquis' views ? |
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Definition
| He feels a s if murder is analogous to abortion. When you murder someone, you deprive them of a "future -like -us" , and it is the same with abortion , you deprive the fetus of a future that it would have had. |
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Term
| What does Don Marquis feel is the status of the fetus and it's role in the argument ? |
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Definition
| It doesn't matter whether the fetus is a human or not , because the point is that it is a potential human - it will be a human in the future, and you deprive it of that if you kill it. |
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Term
| What are Professor Krecz criticisms of Don Marquis' arguments ? |
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Definition
| Krecz feels that the argument is too misguided, because it seems that murder is wrong for a lot of other reasons than depriving someone of a potential future. even if someone doesn't have a future ( for instance someone with terminal cancer) , then it might still be wrong to kill them. |
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Term
| What are the weaknesses of Don Marquis' arguments ? |
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Definition
| Don Marquis' argument falls apart when it comes to the matter of birth control . Marquis feels like it's okay to have birth control, even though birth control can have an abortive effect as well. Don Marquis argues that it's okay if the abortive effect happens this early, because the fetus is not yet an individual. But Don Marquis does not address where the line should be drawn. |
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Term
| Which position does don Marquis qualify under ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is J.J. Thomson's views ? |
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Definition
| Right to life versus the right to use someone else's body ; the fetus may have a right to life, but that does not mean that it has the right to use the mother's body . One main analogy J.J. uses is the violin analogy . This is an aanalogy to rape , where consnet is never given to let the violinist ( fetus) use your body. She also uses the analogy of people as spores, where you may take every precaution to not have a person-spore implant in your carpet (womb) and yet one somehow ends up there anyway. This is analogous to people who take contraceptive precautions , yet still end up pregnanat anyway. J.j. Thomson main argument in both of her analogies is the idea of consent. in neither case does the mother give consent to have the baby. |
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Term
| What are J.j. Thomson's counter arguments to other people's arguments ? |
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Definition
| J.J. Thomson says that there is a difference between indecent and immoral. It would be indecent to abort your fetus because you want to go on a trip to Europe, but it is not immoral. Example is given with a box of chocolates- if 2 brothers are given a box of chocolates, and the older brother eats them all, that is immoral, because the chocolates were given to both brothers. If the box was only given to the older brother, and he eats them all without sharing, that is indecent , but not immoral. The minimally decent samaritan would allow the fetus to develop inside of her and then give it up for adoption after , but she is not morally required to do this. |
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Term
| What does J.J. Thomson feel that the status of the fetus is , and its role in the argument ? |
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Definition
| J.J. Thomson says, let's say the fetus is a human,. It doesn't matter to the argument, because the eftus still doesn't have the right to use the mother's body. |
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Term
| What does Professor Krecz say about J.J. Thomson's argument ? |
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Definition
| Krecz says that the argument is too permissive/too liberal . Where do we draw the line on what is indecent , and what is immoral ? |
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Term
| which position does J.J. Thomson qualify under ? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are Lee and George's views ? |
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Definition
| Main arguments are counters to Mary Anne Warren and J.J. Thomson . |
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Term
| What arguments does Lee and George counter ? |
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Definition
| they attack Mary Anne Warren's claims that the fetus is not a person and accuse her of being dualistic. They say that if something is biologically human , then it is a person. |
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Term
| What do Lee and Georger feel the status of a fetus is and its rolein the argument ? |
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Definition
| Lee and George argue that the fetus is a person and they give biological evidence to prove it. |
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Term
| What does Professor Krecz say about Lee and George's argument ? |
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Definition
| Krecz feels like Mary Anne Warren's dualism is correct , he totallly agrees with her. He says that Lee and george's attack on Mary Anne Warren is weak . He also feels like they are misguided on their attack on J.J. Thomson as well. , because they think that JJT doesn't advocate killing the fetus and that she simply says that it is a side effect or unitintende dconsequence of expelling teh fetus from the womb. , but this is not her argument at all. He says that overall this is just a terrible argument , and gives the example of a 14-year old girl being raped by her father , and has to carry the baby to term based on Lee and George's argument . That is a monstrous thing for the girl and the fetus who will be born with inbred genes. |
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Term
| Which postion does Lee and George qualify under ? |
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Definition
| Conservative - abortion is only okay when the mother's life is at stake. even abortion in the case of rape is not permissible. |
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Term
| What are Little's views ? |
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Definition
| The mother's decision to abort is a personal thing , and it depends on the value she places on the fetus . She may chose to abort precisely, because she does not value the fetus . and she knows that she wouldn't be able to properly raise it , or give it the pregnancy that it desrves. |
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Term
| What does Little feel like is the status of the fetus and its role in the argument ? |
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Definition
| Little feels as if , whetehr it is a person or not, it doesn't matter, because we can value things that are not people ( trueee) . Little gives an example of a Da vinci painting , which is valuable even though it is not a person. |
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Term
| what are the weaknesses of Little's argument ? |
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Definition
| Little fails to give any conclusion or answer to the question on whether or not the fetus is a human being , which tends to annoy some people. |
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Term
| Which position does Little qualify under ? |
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Definition
| Little has a pro-choice , feminine way of approaching it. Little goes along with Blackmun's ruling of right to privacy. |
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Term
| How does Blackmun feel about the first trimester ? |
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Definition
| He feels that in the first rtim, the right to privacy is applied. This is not a right we are granted in the constituiton , but it is mentioned in the furst , fourht, 9th , and 14th amendment . The mother has the right to choose in the first trimester. the risk of her life is greater if she carries on with the pregnancy , so it is totally up to the mother to choose. |
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Term
| How does Blackmun feel about the 2nd trimester ? |
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Definition
| Because teha bortion becomes more risky in the second trimester, the state can legislate it. The state cannot forbid it , but they can legislate around it . ( conditions it is performed under, who performs it, where, etc . ) This is in interest of protecting the woman's health , NOT the fetus. |
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Term
| How does Blackmun feel about the third trimester ? |
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Definition
| The fetus becomes viable around the third trimester, so at this time, the state can choose to outlaw abortion because it has a vested interest in the health and sfaety of the fetus. |
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Term
| What doe sProfessor Krecz say about Blackmun's argument ? |
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Definition
| Krecz feels as if today , 2nd trimester abortions are way safer, so the fact that Blackmun built his decisions on the current medical conventions of the day poses a problem. Also, the fetus can become viable in the 2nd trimester, so the law contradicts with biological facts. Where are the details on problems such as funding/state support, parental/spousal consent, and notification , 24-hour waiting period. |
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Term
| What does Blackmun feel like the status of the fetus is ? |
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Definition
| Blackmun does not really address the status of the fetus , but he does say that the fetus is not legally a person with human rights, because it has not been born here yet , so it doesnt have any legal rights yet. |
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Term
| Prior to Roe v. Wade, what was happening ? |
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Definition
| A practitioner could be sentenced to 2-5 years of prison for giving an abortion. No legal consequences for the mother, but it was hard to find someone who could perform a safe abortion. Old claims against abortion was that it wasn't safe , but with new technology , it was actually safer to get an abortion in the first trimester than to carry out the pregnancy. . The risk of death was lower. |
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Term
| in roe v. wade , who else disagreed with the majortiy opinion ? |
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Definition
| white. He argues that the constituiton does not grant the right to abort . |
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