tissue composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces or form glands

-serve for protection, secretion, and absorption

tissue with more matrixthan cell volume

-specialized to support, bind, and protect organs

-epidermis

-lnner lining of digestive tract

-liver and other glands

tendons and ligaments

-cartilage and bone

-blood and lymph

-brain

-spinal cord

-nerves

-skeletal muslces

-heart (cardiac muscle)

-walls of viscera (smooth muscle)

-nonliving

-the matrix in which cells live

-amorphous ground substance

-fibrous material

-fluids

-affinity for water (swells)

-varies in form from a stiff gel to a thin solid

-provides support for cells suspended in it

-acts as a diffusion medium

-collagen

-reticular

-elastic

-in tissues, helps diffusion of oxygen and nutrients/waste

-arises from blood vessels - specifically postcapillary venules

-covers surfaces, lines cavities, forms glands

-closely opposed cells at a free surface (no cellular or extracellular elements here), exhibits polarity and membrane specializations

-replicate often

-avasular

-tightly packed

-little intracellular material

-barrier

-secretion

-absorption

-excretion

-sensory reception

-single layer of flat scale-like cells

-cells fit tightly together

-easily damaged

-found where diffusion takes place

-alveoi, capillaries

-single layer of cube shaped cells

-functions in secretion and absorption

-kidney tubules, salivary glands, ducts of thyroid, pancreas, liver

single layer of elongated cells

-functions in secretion and absorption

-found lining most of digestive tract

-surface often possesses numerous microvilli

-contains mucous secreting goblet cells

-one layer in which nuclei are at differnt levels

-found lining upper portions of respiratory tract and oviducts

-contains numerous goblet cells which secrete mucouc that is moved along by cilia

-many layers

-cell division occurs in lower layers and pushes outward as outer layers are lost

-found in areas of heavy wear and tear: epidermis, mouth, anus, esophagus

-appearance of cells changes with tension

-found lining urinary system, especially bladder

-when empty numerous layers can be seen, when full few layers are seen

finger-like evaginations of cell membrane containing cytoplasm

-functions to increase surface area for absorption/secretion

-covered by glycocalyx - "sugar coat)

hair-like, motile processes, evaginations of cell membrane

-core of microtubules

1- .2-1.0 micrometers

2- 10 micrometers

function to move things over cell surfaces by beating in a wave-like fashion

-ie in respiratory and reproductive tracts

-found only in epithelium

-band-like zone around periphery near apical border

-functions to seal surface membranes together

adhering junctions (zonula adherens)

(1) desmosome or macula adherens

(2) zonula adherens

-sites of string adhesion

-can be spot-like (1)

can be belt-like (2)

connective tissue

1-fibers

2- ground substance

-binds things together, supports, fills spaces, repairs

-cells are far apart and surrounded by a matrix

-matrix = 1+2

ground substance

1-proteoglycans

2- fibroblasts

ranges from fluid (in blood) to solid (in bone)

-amorphous, gel-like, huge molecules with high affinity for water

-1 - are main component

-secreted by 2

function -

-adipose tissue stores fat for energy

-bone stores calcium and phosphate ions

-proper stores extracellular wastes

-fibroblasts

-macrophages

-mast cell

most common type of connective tissue

-mainly responsible for collagen production

phagocytes, attack and ingest foreign particles

-function in defense and immunity

largest cell type

secretes: heparin and histamine

-collagen

-elastic

-reticular

most abundant connective tissue fiber

-very high levels in bone and dentin

think threads which are felxible but not elastic, high tensile strength (resists pulling force)

-found binding structures together (tendons, fascia, ligaments)

-usually found in packed fiber bundles

-less strength than collagen but easily streched

-often branched and arranged in networks

-found in elastic ligaments and arteries, vocal cords

-made of collagen, very thin

-mesh like pattern of arrangement

-thin, flexible, distensible

-liver, lymphatic tissue

-increased cells, decreased fibers (ex under epithelia)

-delicate thin membrane (mesentery)

-fills space b/w muscles

-good example of loose connective tissue

-protects, insulates, stores energy

-decreased cells, increased fibers

-densely packed callagenous fibers with few fibroblasts

-results in very strong cords

-tendons, ligaments, deep fascia, aponeurosis

-poor blood supply, therefore slow healing