Term
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Definition
the critical examination of our basic beliefs concerning the nature of reality, knowledge and truth, and our personal and social values
Philo= love Sophos= wisdom |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Belief
2. Basic Belief
3. Presupposition |
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Definition
1. an idea or concept one accepts or affirms as true
2. Central or foundational beliefs to our over all worldview that we often don’t think about; the big questions
3. Beliefs that we normally do not question but usually assume are true. |
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Term
Define the following:
1. First order discipline
2. Second order discipline |
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Definition
1. Concerned directly with reality (ex. biology)
2. Concerned with the methods and presuppositions of First Order Disciplines (ex. Philosophy) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Define the following:
1. Internal consistency
2. External comprehensiveness
3. Correspondence |
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Definition
1. Are there any contradictions within my world view?
2. Can my world view account for new knowledge and beliefs outside of it?
3. Do the beliefs in my worldview cohere together and mutually support one another? |
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Term
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Definition
-Provides principles for interpreting scripture
-Helps to see how to apply scripture to life situations and philosophical questions |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Apologetics
2. Polemics |
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Definition
1.-Shows attacks are false
-Shows attacks are not necessarily true
-Produces strong arguments for Christianity
2. Keeps Christianity internally pure from heretical and unorthodox teachings |
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Term
Define the following:
Cosmological
Anthropological
Theological
Ontological
Metaphysics |
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Definition
Cosmological: Origin and Purpose
Anthropological: Being human
Theological: Existence of the supernatural
Ontological: Existence Itself
Metaphysics: Reality |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Ethics
2. Aesthetics |
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Definition
1.Is there a right and wrong?
How do we determine the right?
What part do consequences play?
2. How is art determined?
Is it all just your opinion?
Is there just one meaning or many? |
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Term
Define the following:
1.Argument
2. Premise
3. Inference |
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Definition
1. a group of propositions (reasons) that support a certain belief (conclusion); the conclusion is said to "follow" from the reasons given
2. reasons
3. relationship between premises and conclusions |
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Term
Define the following;
1. Validity
2. Non-Sequitur
3. Truth Value
4. Sound |
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Definition
1. refers to the structure of an argument; an argument is considered valid if the conclusion follows from the premises
2. if the conclusion does not follow premises; invalid
3. refers to propositions; is it true or false
4. valid and true |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Law on Non Contradiction
2. Law of the Excluded Middle
3. Law of Identity |
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Definition
1. Something cannot both be and not be at the same time and in the same respect. ~(A&~A)
2. Something either is or is not. Av~A
3. Something is what it is. A=A
*If they are not accepted as true, then nothing we say or reason makes any sense |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Deduction
2. Syllogism
3. Induction |
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Definition
1. form of logic; if the argument is valid it is definitely true
2. the formal procedure for writing out a deductive argument
3. Logic made up of arguments which can lead only to a probable conclusion, not a necessary one |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Categorical proposition
2. Categorical syllogism
3. Disjunctive proposition
4. Disjunctive syllogism
5. Hypothetical proposition
6. Hypothetical syllogism |
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Definition
1. affirms or denies something in terms of two categories: subject and predicate
2. contains "all"
3. affirms or denies something in terms of two alternatives (known as alternants) in the form of an "either/or" statement
4. contains "either/or"
5. conditional statement that affirms or denies something in terms of an antecedent (usually expressed as "If") and a consequent (usually expressed as "then")
6. contains "if" and usually "then" |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Alternant
2. Antecedent
3. Consequent |
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Definition
1. parts of a syllogism that are alternatives
2. usually expressed as "if"
3. usually expressed as "then" |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Modus Ponens
2. Modus Tolens |
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Definition
1. If P then Q.
P.
Therefore, Q.
2. If P then Q.
Not Q.
Therefore, Not P. |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Hasty and Sweeping Generalization
2. False Analogy
3. Composition
4. Division |
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Definition
1. Basing a conclusion on an insufficient number of particulars
2. Drawing an analogy between two things that are not similar in relevant areas
3. erroneously generalizing from specific parts to the whole
4. erroneously generalizing from the whole to the specific parts |
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Term
Define the following fallacies:
1. False Dilemma
2. Begging the Question
3. Argument from Ignorance |
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Definition
1. occurs when someone argues that one must choose between options when there is actually another alternative
2. occurs when someone's argument assumes the truth of what he is trying to prove
3. occurs when someone arguing that a proposition is true simply because it has not been proven false or vice versa |
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Term
Define the following fallacies:
1. Equivocation
2. Straw Man
3. Attacking the Person |
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Definition
1. occurs when a word or phrase is used in different senses in different places in the argument
2. occurs when someone argues against a particular viewpoint by attacking a weak argument when stronger arguments might be offered
3. occurs when someone attacks the character or circumstances of the person giving the argument |
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Term
Define the following fallacies:
1. Appeal to Popularity
2. False Cause
3. Hasty Generalizations
4. Biased Generalizations |
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Definition
1. occurs when the reason given for adopting a viewpoint is that it is what the majority does
2. occurs when someone presumes without good evidence that there is a casual connection between two events
3. Basing a conclusion on an insufficient number of particulars
4. Basing a conclusion on a sample that is selected randomly |
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Term
| Know the relationship between validity and truth value |
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Definition
Truth value= propositions
Validity= structure of argument
The truth value of the propositions has nothing to do with the validity of the argument, and validity has nothing to do with the truth value of the propositions |
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Term
Describe the following branch of philosophy:
Epistemology |
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Definition
*Knowledge
Can we Know anything?
How do we Know ?
Is Certainty Possible?
Can we Trust our Senses?
Can we know anything apart from our Senses?
How is Knowledge Justified?
What is Truth? |
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Term
Describe the following branch of philosophy:
Axiology |
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Definition
*Values
Ethics
Is there a right and wrong?
How do we determine the right?
What part do consequences play?
Aesthetics
How is art determined?
Is it all just your opinion?
Is there just one meaning or many? |
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Term
| What is a philosophical mindset? |
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Definition
| An attitude or approach to life that involves the critical examination of beliefs to ascertain what they mean, if they are true, and what value they have |
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Term
| Know the five general reasons why philosophy is important |
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Definition
1. Your ultimate meaning in life determines your goals; these determine your everyday decisions.
2. Philosophy plays a significant role in evaluating questions and problem in other fields
3. Your moral system is based on a particular ethical view
4. Philosophy helps us to understand other points of view and other presuppositions
5. Philosophy rids us of prejudice and poor reasoning; we are more critical of what we see, read, and hear. |
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Term
| Know the three parts of a worldview |
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Definition
1. Internal Consistency
2. External Comprehensiveness
3. Correspondence |
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Term
| Know how philosophy is practical |
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Definition
| Your ultimate meaning in life determines your goals; these determine your everyday decisions |
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Term
Know the biblical mandate
Know the three elements of the biblical mandate |
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Definition
-Colossians 2:8
1. Recognize the importance scripture places on the use of our reason and intellect
2. Construct a Christian Worldview
3. Refute Views Contrary to the Christian Worldview |
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Term
Know what the following passages refer to:
1. Col 2:8
2. Acts 17:11
3. II Cor 10:5
4. I Pet 3:15 |
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Definition
1. don't be caught by foolish philosophy
2. reason is more noble
3. refute views against christians worldview
4. be prepared to make a defense to those who challenge us |
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Term
| Know the two extremes of the role of the Bible in doing philosophy and the meaning of the critical usage |
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Definition
-Ignoring Scripture
“Philosophy should be open to all views and should not be limited by any one writing.”
-Naïve Fideism
“The Bible should be blindly accepted by faith and not come under the scrutiny of man’s reason.”
-Critical Usage
“The Bible can and should have an appropriate place in philosophical speculation but must be used wisely.” |
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Term
| What are 4 important principles of critical usage of scripture? |
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Definition
1. Avoid proof texting.
2. Never appeal to a passage without being aware of it’s literary and historical context
3. Recognize the difference between the biblical text and your interpretation of the biblical text
4. Don’t force a passage or feel like you must quote a biblical passage on every issue |
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Term
| What are the 3 points of critical examination? |
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Definition
1. Clarification: What does this mean?
2. Justification: Is it true?
3. Evaluation: What is its significance and value? |
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Term
| What are the 6 characteristics of philosophy? |
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Definition
1. not concerned with facts
2. concerned with method rather than content
3. a chief goal is clarification
4. examines everything
5. concerned with foundational issues
6. appeals to systems of principles that we regard to be true |
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Term
| Know three aspects of basic beliefs with which philosophy is concerned |
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Definition
1. Free Will
2. Reality
3. Values |
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Term
All M are P.
All S are M.
Therefore, all S are P.
No M are P.
All S are M.
Therefore, no S are P. |
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Definition
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Term
All M are P.
All S are M.
Therefore, all S are P.
No M are P.
All S are M.
Therefore, no S are P. |
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Definition
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Term
If P then Q.
If Q then R.
Therefore, if P then R. |
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Definition
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Term
If P then Q.
If Q then R.
Therefore, if P then R. |
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Definition
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Term
EIther P or Q.
Not Q.
Therefore, Q. |
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Definition
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Term
If P then Q; and if R then S.
P or R.
Therefore, Q or S. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two parts of an inductive argument? |
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Definition
1. Inductive arguments are measured in degrees of probability
2. The key ingredient to a successful inductive argument is the number of particulars gathered. |
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Term
| What are the two parts of an inductive argument? |
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Definition
1. Inductive arguments are measured in degrees of probability
2. The key ingredient to a successful inductive argument is the number of particulars gathered. |
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