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proximity to the sun
venus too close
mars too far
earth just right |
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planets and stars born from collapse of dust and gas
complex life needs more than H and He
well balanced atmosphere |
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source of energy
complex chemistry
benign environment |
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| waves of energy caused by breaking rock within the earth |
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through interior
P: compressional
S: transverse |
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along crust
Q: transverse
Rayleigh: rolls |
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| recycled in convection in core |
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| principle of uniformitarianism |
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| physical, chemical, biological laws that function today the same as they did in the past |
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alfred wegener
mechanism: seafloor spreading |
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dating intended on giving a timeline, not absolute date
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dendrochronology: tree rings
radiometric: measures radioactive decay
carbon dating: prescence of carbon 14
decay rate: changes, variables, OPEN SYSTEM |
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| earthquakes and volcanoes fall along fault lines |
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| earth's magnetic field is generated how |
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| generated by convection in the core |
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| move apart; create new crust |
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plates collide, crust destroyed
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shield
cinder scoria: small cone, severe explosion
stratovolcano: small crater, high infrequent eruption |
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| naturally occuring, inorganic solid, chemically organized |
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| most common material, composed of minerals |
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energy constant from epicenter
energy becomes compressed
wave trains form |
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| formula for velocity of a wave |
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| v=square root of gravity multiplied by depth(amplitude) |
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lithosphere: cool, rigid
asthenosphere: hot, weak, plastic
mesosophere: dense |
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outer: liquid
inner: solid
mostly iron
1/3 earth's mass |
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out outside because it is the least dense
continental: granite
oceanic: basalt |
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| internal structure of the earth |
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crust
outer m
inner m
outer c
inner c |
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| importance of understanding motion |
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Definition
| key to understanding space and time |
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qualitative relations among things
geocentric universe |
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father of modern physics
built + used a telescope
challenged geocentric view |
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| explained heavenly motion |
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| 4 fundamental interaction |
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strongest short: strong force binds nucleas
weak short: weak force in radioactive decay
weak long: electromagnetic force binds atoms
weakest long: gravitational force binds solar system |
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