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| A proposition or idea held on the basis of faith |
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| A question asked of a respondent that imposes a limit on the possible responses |
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| A paradigm that sees social conflict as the basis of society and social change and emphasizes a materialist view of society, a critical view of the status quo, and a dynamic model of change |
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| The principle of understanding other cultures on their own terms, rather than judging or evaluating according to one's own culture |
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| The entire way of life of a group of people(including both material and symbolic elements) that acts as a lens through which one views the world and is passed from one generation to the next |
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| A sense of disorientation that occurs when you enter a radically new social or cultural environment |
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| Questions that attempt to get at multiple issues at once and so tend to receive incomplete answers |
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| The principle of using one's own culture as a means or standard by which to evaluate another group or individual, leading to the view that cultures other than one's own are abnormal |
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1. Offers a means of studying groups often overlooked by other methods.
2. can challenge taken-for-granted notions about groups we thought we knew
3. detailed nature of ethnography can help to reshape the stereotypes we hold about others and on which social policy is often based.
4. much pioneering methodological innovation came from ethnography in last half century |
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| A loosely enforced norm involving common customs, practices, or procedures that ensure smooth social interaction and acceptance |
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| Legal regulations or LAWS |
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| The less obvious, perhaps unintended functions of a social structure |
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| Level of analysis that studies large-scale social structures in order to determine how they affect the lives of groups and individuals |
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| The obvious, intended functions of a social structure for the social system |
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| Objects associated with a cultural group, such as tools, machines, utensils, buildings, and artwork; any physical object which we give social meaning |
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| Level of analysis that studies face-to-face and small-group interactions in order to understand how those interactions affect the larger patterns and institutions of society |
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| A norm that carries great moral significance, is closely related to the core values of a cultural group, often involves serious repercussions for violators |
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| express disapproval; may come in form of frown, harsh words, or perhaps fine or incarceration |
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| express approval and may come in the form of a handshake or a smile, praise, or perhaps an award |
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| rule or guideline regarding what kinds of behavior are acceptable and appropriate within culture |
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| question asked of a respondent that allows the answer to take whatever form the respondent chooses |
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| A methodology associated with ethnography whereby the researcher both observes and becomes a member in a social setting |
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| A paradigm that suggests that social reality is diverse, pluralistic, and constantly in flux |
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| A type of data that cannot be converted into numbers, usually because they relate to meaning |
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| A type of data that can be converted into numbers, usually for statistical comparison |
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| Ethnography/Disadvantages |
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1. suffer from lack of replicability
2. degree of representativeness
3. must be wary of bias |
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| positive or negative reactions to the ways people follow or disobey norms, including rewards for conformity and punishments for norm violations |
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| Quality of mind that allows us to understand the relationship between our particular situation in life and what is happening at a social level |
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| A paradigm that begins with the assumption that society is a unified whole that functions because of the contributions of its separate structures |
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| The ideas associated with cultural group, including ways of thinking(beliefs, values, assumptions) and ways of behaving(norms, interactions and communication) |
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| A paradigm that sees interaction and meaning as central to society and assumes that meanings are not inherent but created though interaction |
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| A norm ingrained so deeply that even thinking about violating it evokes strong feelings of disgust, horror, or revulsion |
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| Ideas about what is desirable or contemptible and right or wrong in a particular group. They articulate the essence of everything that a cultural group cherishes and honors |
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| findings from members of a sample group that can be generalized to the whole population |
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1. allows respondents to speak in their own words
2. may help the researcher dispel certain preconceptions and discover issues that otherwise maybe overlooked |
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1.Respondents are not always forthcoming
2. Representativeness; whether the conclusions of the group can be applied to larger groups |
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1. one of the best methods for gathering original data on a population that is too large to study by other means
2. Quick & Economical
3. Strong on reliability
4. Feel more comfortable giving candid answers |
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1. Generally lacks qualitative data that might better capture the social reality the researcher wishes to examine
2. Maybe weak on validity |
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