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winter celebration around December 21, norse tradition. Men would bring home biggest log they could find, and burn it…each log represented a birth in the spring.
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| became one of the most popular Roman festivals. It was marked by tomfoolery and reversal of social roles, in which slaves and masters ostensibly switched places. |
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| developed in America, Saint Nick was an austere bishop in Middle Ages, Dec 26 was Saint Nick day, received presents…Dutch knew him as Sintre Claus, which became Santa Claus in America |
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| Christianity as a multicultural religion |
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Christianity was meant to be a diverse religion. It is a foretaste to heaven, a longing for the way God meant humanity to be
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| Christianity as a historical religion |
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Each culture that Christianity encounters highlights, emphasizes certain parts of the Christian message…each culture distorts certain facets of the Christian message, even erases certain parts. Jesus is at the center of the sphere of Christianity, surrounded by Greco-Roman culture and Jewish culture. There is a diamond surrounding the sphere, inside of a cube. Every culture looks at a different part of Jesus through earlier cultures and daily influences
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| – following Alexander the Great’s conquests, the Greek culture spread throughout the middle east, following his successes on the battlefield. |
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50 CE – Great scholar/philosopher of Jews, read Greek philosophy, Hebrew scripture side by side…both revelations of God.
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| 50 CE, Charismatic rabbi, healed people from long distances, performed exorcisms, lived in poverty, had many similiarities to Jesus |
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| First person to see Jesus after he rose, apostle of the apostles, part of the group of women that followed jesus |
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| The culture that followed the conquests of Alexander the Great. Greek Culture. |
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| 37-100 CE, best historical source for Judiasm. Wrote the Antiquities, Jewish Wars, doesn't write about Jesus, believes Romans are the future |
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| Priestly upper class, cultural elite, worshipped in temple, tolerant of Romans, Torah as the ONLY word of God, didnt believe in demons, angels, or the afterlife |
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| Most populous middle class sect, emphasis on clean and righteous living, accepted the apocrypha |
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| Wanted to fight the Romans out of Israel, accepted small group discussion |
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| fisherman, shepherd, farmer, love simple lifestyle, avoid love of money, practice charity and compassion for poor, livei n semi-communal communities, embrace family and marriage, but sex for procreation, accepted Enoch and Angels, accepted Torah and books related to Enoch, John the Baptist was an Essene, wanted to be “set apart” world is beyond repair, dead sea scrolls |
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| The general term is usually applied to the books that the Christian Church considered useful but not divinely inspired. As such, it is misleading to refer to the Gospel according to the Hebrews or Gnostic writings as apocryphal, because they would not be classified in the same category by orthodox believers. Non-canonical books are texts of uncertain authenticity, or writings where the work is seriously questioned. Given that different denominations have different beliefs about what constitutes canonicalscripture, there are several versions of the apocrypha. |
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| Newborn baby, Felicitas pregnant. Perpetua gives up infant so that she can die to the Romans. Felicitas is distraught she gets left behind, gives premature birth, has dream that she eludes death, is stabbed by soldier in the end |
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| Christian martyr who sold all of his things, dragged governor to the Leper colony, then he is grilled, literally |
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| The name given to early Christians who had "lapsed" in their faith when asked to profess if they loved the Lord. It was those who had fallen away and came back to the faith. |
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| 13 year olds, sent to whore houses, first man that tried was blinded, breasts were cut off, executed |
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| document given to a Roman citizen when they had performed the pagan sacrifices, demonstrating loyalty to the faith |
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