Term
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Definition
| muscles at the front of the eye increases the curvature of the lens so that it gets thicker |
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Term
| what area of the eye contains only cones? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are contains both rods and cones? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a part in the retina where there are no receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to match 2 lights of different wavelength by adjusting only their intensities |
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Term
| what part of the eye do we rely on when there's bright light? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| shift in sensitivity to shorter wave lengths |
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Term
|
Definition
| trichromatic color vision |
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Term
| define trichromacy helmholtz |
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Definition
| any photopic light can be matched by adjusting the level of 3 primaries =, in which must be unique |
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Term
|
Definition
| color vision depends on 3 receptor mechanisms |
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Term
|
Definition
| 2 lights with physically different WL that are perceptually identical |
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Term
|
Definition
| of light A and light B are both reflective from a surface to the eye, the light will be white |
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Term
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Definition
| if A and B are combined some of the light on the surface is subtracted by A and B. Only the remainder contributes to color |
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Term
|
Definition
| possess all 3 types of cones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| color blindness due to damage of the cortex |
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Term
|
Definition
| occurs at the level of the retinal receptors |
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Term
|
Definition
| describes events later in the visual system |
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Term
|
Definition
| ability to discriminate 2 lights |
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Term
|
Definition
| what the light looks like |
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Term
|
Definition
| property of reflecting some WL more than others |
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Term
|
Definition
| the color depends on the WL that are transmitted through the medium |
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Term
|
Definition
| strength of a hue- how much white there is |
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Term
|
Definition
| hue's distance from black in color space |
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|
Term
| what would we do if we didn't have color constancy |
|
Definition
| we would depend on how an object is illuminated |
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Term
|
Definition
| visual system adapts to different WL |
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Term
|
Definition
| if we know something is a color we will always perceive it that way |
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|
Term
| what is the receptive field in the retina |
|
Definition
| the area that when stimulated affects a cell's firing rate |
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Term
|
Definition
| photoreceptors feed into the ganglion cells |
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Term
| what are the different types of ganglion cells |
|
Definition
| M cells = movement, and P cells |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Dorsal stream, info sent to parietal lobe, helps motor system find objects |
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Term
|
Definition
| ventral stream, info sent from V1 to temporal lobe, object identification |
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|
Term
| what is the difference between btwn what and where pathways |
|
Definition
| the what pathway provides object discrimination while the where pathway provides landmark discrimination |
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Term
|
Definition
| processing visual info without awareness |
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Term
|
Definition
| inability to recognize faces |
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Term
|
Definition
| the brain organizes info into a meaningful whole |
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|
Term
| when we tend to organize info into groups what is this called |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what groups to we organize info into |
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Definition
| proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness, closure |
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|
Term
| what are the perceptual rules of a figure |
|
Definition
| objects in the visual field |
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|
Term
| what is the perceptual rule of the ground |
|
Definition
| they are the surroundings of the visual field |
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|
Term
| what are the cues of depth perception |
|
Definition
| oculomotor cues, and monocular cues, and binocular cues |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| eyes move inward to focus on nearby objects |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| parallel lines appear to converge |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| near objects move faster and in the opposite direction, far objects move slower and in the same direction |
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Term
|
Definition
| distance between out pupils, right eye and left eye images are different |
|
|
Term
| what are the three demensions of sound |
|
Definition
| intensity, pitch, and timbre |
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Term
|
Definition
| cochlea to brain stem to the thalamus to the auditory cortex |
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Term
|
Definition
| neurons in primary auditory cortex are tonotopic |
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Term
|
Definition
| azimuth (left- right), elevation (up-down), distance |
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|
Term
| interaural time difference |
|
Definition
| difference in time of arrival of a sound to the 2 ears |
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|
Term
| interaural level difference |
|
Definition
| difference in the level of arrival of a sound to the 2 ears |
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Term
|
Definition
| sound waves bouncing off the pinna |
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Term
|
Definition
| varying intensity, and motion cues |
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Term
|
Definition
| felt using nerve endings and pressure sensors in our skin |
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|
Term
| what are the 3 types of touch receptors |
|
Definition
| mechanorceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 layers of skin |
|
Definition
| epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| between the dermis and the epidermis, they sense pressure and fine details |
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Term
|
Definition
| in the dermis, sense light tough, fast adapting |
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Term
|
Definition
| deeper in dermis, sense stretching, and slow adapting |
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Term
|
Definition
| deeper in dermis, senses vibrations, fast adapting |
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Term
|
Definition
| mechanoreceptors, spinal chords, ventrolateral nucleus, somatosensory cortex |
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Term
|
Definition
| feeling pain in an already amputated limb |
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Term
|
Definition
| awareness of body position and movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| sense of balance and movement |
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|
Term
| what do gate keepers (molecule detectors) do? |
|
Definition
| ID what the body needs for survival and ID potential danger |
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|
Term
| difference btwn macrosomatic and microsomatic orgs. |
|
Definition
| # of the olfactory receptors |
|
|
Term
| olfactory receptor neurons |
|
Definition
| regenerate every 5-7 weeks, 1000 different types of ORNs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emotional component, linked to good memory, familiar smells |
|
|
Term
| organization of the toungue |
|
Definition
| tongue, papillae, taste buds |
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Term
|
Definition
| sweet, salty, sour, butter, umami |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 25% of the population, increased sensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taste info enters the brain via nerves through the brainstem, sent through the thalamus to orbitofrontal cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shift in sensitivity to shorter wavelengths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any photopic light can be matched by adjusting the level of three primaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people with normal color vision need at least three WL to match any WL in the test field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| color matching exoiriments with observers with normal and deficient color vision yield the sensitivity for each type of cone |
|
|
Term
| what did Hubel and Wiesel discover |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what consists of the outer ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what consists of the middle ear |
|
Definition
| ear canal, ear drum, malleus, incus, eustacian tube, and the stapes |
|
|
Term
| what consists of the inner ear |
|
Definition
| semicircular canals, oval window, and the temporal bone, the auditory nerve, and the cochlea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in parietal lobes, and contralateral processing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the heart- it's warm and active |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ventricles: "spirits" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the anatomy of the brain- specific brain regions for specific functions |
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Term
|
Definition
| determining character and personality based on bumps on the head |
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Term
|
Definition
| doctrine of specific nerve energies |
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Term
|
Definition
| german neurologist who ID anatomical brain areas |
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Term
|
Definition
| involved in speech production |
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Term
|
Definition
| raised bump, redirects sensation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimuli |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| process of organizing and interpreting info |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain integration of sensory info |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that open and closes the pupil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secondary lens, can move and change focus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fills with photo receptors |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| detects gray, low light, coarse detail |
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