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| The science that studies behavior and the cognitive and physiological processes that underlie it, and the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems |
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Describe - people and behaviors; how?
Understand - cause of behavior
Predict - how people and animals behave under certain conditions
Influence - through control of behaviors
Apply - knowledge to enhance human welfare |
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| Belief that mind and body are seperate, spiritual entity (ex. soul) not subject to physical law |
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| Suggests that mind and body are one, mind is not a seperate entity |
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| What is Rene Descartes associated with? |
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| The pineal gland, in which he found that the mind and body are interact through that gland |
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| A school of psychology based on the notion that psycholofy is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and to investigate how these elements are related |
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| A school of psychology based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure |
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| What did Sigmund Freud propose? |
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| Proposed that people have powerful inborn sexual and agressive drives and the adult personality determined by early childhood experiences |
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| Psychlogical technique to help cope with anxiety and pain of traumatic experience |
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| What types of defense mechanisms are there? |
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Id - feel the urges
Ego - where decisions made on what to do with urges
Superego - control those urges |
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| The principle that if a response in the presence of a stimulus leads to satisfying effects, the association between the stimulus and the response is strengthened |
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| A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables |
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| A system of interrelated ideas that is used to explain a set of observations |
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| Difference between a hypothesis and a theory |
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| A theory is something that has be tested and retested and is accepted as a general truth, while a hypothesis is just a prediction that has yet to be extensively tested |
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| Difference between an Independent Variable (IV) and a Dependent Variable (DV) |
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| The IV is the factor that is manipulated in an experiement while the DV is factor that is measured by the experimenter |
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| Difference between a Control Group and an Experiemental Group |
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| The control groups are the ones that are not exposed to the treatment while the experimental groups are the ones that recieve the treatment |
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| Reports that ask individuals to answer a series of questions about their characteristic behavior |
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| Record objective physiological responses to asses what a person is experiencing |
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| Seeks to identify how humans behave in natural settings |
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| An in depth analysis of an individual subject |
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| Researchers observe behaviors as it occurs in a natural setting |
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| Researchers use questionaires and interviews to gather information about specific aspects of subjects behavior |
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| Measures associations between events, the cause cannot be inferred nor does it show causation |
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| Correlational Coefficent: Positive and Negative |
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It is a numerical index of the degree of relationship between 2 variables
Positive - high scores with one variable are associated with high scores of second variable
Negative - 2 variables vary in opposite direction |
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| The fact that subjects expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they recieve an empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment |
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| Individual cells in the nervous system that recieve, integrate, and transmit information |
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| The cell body of a neuron; it contains the nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells |
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| Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to recieve information |
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| A long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the neuron cell body to other neurons, or to muscles or glands |
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| Insulating material, derived from glial cells, that encase some axons or neurons |
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| Small knobs at the end of axons that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters |
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| A junction where information if transmitted from one neuron to the next |
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| The chemical messangers that traverse the synaptic gap between neurons |
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| Involved in speaking, muscle movements and making plans and judgements |
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