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Exam 1
Kingdom and Domain
82
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
06/18/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Microbiology
Definition
The very small study of life 
Term
EVIDENCE FOR LIFE
Definition
i. IS THE OUTSIDE OF DIFFERENT THAN THE INSIDE WITH BARRIER
ii. ENERGY CONVERSION
iii. REPRODUCTION
Term
2) Viruses & Prions
Definition
i. no cell membrane
ii. No energy transformation outside a host
iii. Many don’t have DNA
b. Replicate and cause disease
Term
define 3) Prokaryotes
Definition
it’s a condition, NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES
Term
prokaryotes a. Two groups
Definition
i. True bacteria =EUBACTERIA
ii. Archeobacteria
Term
i. True bacteria =EUBACTERIA
Definition
1. cell walls of peptidoglycan
2. 70 Ribosomes
Term
ii. Archeobacteria
Definition
1. No peptidoglycan
2. 80 Ribosomes
3. MOST COMMON FORM
4. Live in extreme environments
Term
define: 4) Eukaryotes
Definition
MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES
Term
4 kingdoms
Definition
plants animals protist fungi
Term
i. Plants charactorists
Definition
1. multicellular
2. stores cellulose
3. photosynthetic w/ Chlorophyll A&E
Term
ii. Animals charactoristics
Definition
1. Multicellular
2. Not Photosynthetic
3. Eat with a mouth
Term
fungi charactoristics
Definition
1. Not photosynthetic
2. absorbs nutrients
3. never motile
Term
protist charactoristics
Definition
1. Not plants, animals or fungi
2. Can be photosynthetic or not
3. Colonial and unicellular
Term
what are the 3 domains
Definition
bacteria, archea, eurkaryote
Term
what are the 6 kingdoms
Definition
Eubacteria, Archeobacteria, plants, animals, fungi, Protist
Term
how are organisms organized?
Definition
division of labor
Term
i. Unicellular
Definition
: the cell is the organism
Term
example of unicellular
Definition
Paramecium
Term
ii. Multicellular:
Definition
group of interdependent specialized cells
Term
example of multicellular
Definition
1. i.e.: rotifer
Term
colonial
Definition
groups of cells, in which each can live independently
Term
1000 um=
Definition
1mm
Term
i. PHOTOAUTOTROPH
Definition
1. perform photosynthesis to gain energy
Term
is the photoautotroph a producer or consumer?
Definition
producer
Term
4. AUTOTROPH
Definition
able to form organic substances from inorganic such as Carbon Dioxide
Term
ii. CHEMOAUTOTROPH
Definition
energy from chemicals
Term
ii. CHEMOAUTOTROPH producer or consumer?
Definition
1. Producer
Term
iii. CHEMOHETEROTROPHS
Definition
2. eat with mouth like structures
3. eat dead organisms
4. i.e. Fungi
5. Derives energy and carbon from the oxidation of organic compounds
Term
iii. CHEMOHETEROTROPHS producer or consumer?
Definition
consumer
Term
iv. PHOTOHETEROTROPHS
Definition
2. Use light for energy, but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source. Consequently, they use organic compounds from the environment to satisfy their carbon requirements. They use compounds such as carbohydrates, fatty acids and alcohols as their organic "food"
Term
v. DECOMPOSERS
Definition
1. Bacteria, ALL FUNGI
Term
5 groups of feeding ::
Definition
photoautotroph, chemoautotroph, photoheterotroph, chemoheterotroph, decomposer
Term
a. Asexual
Definition
Offspring are identical to parent = no variation
Term
most common form of reproduction
Definition
asexual
Term
1. Binary fission
Definition
a. only done by prokaryotes (no membrane bound organs)
b. one chromosome, cell splits in two
Term
2. Mitosis
Definition
a. EUKARYOTIC
b. Multiple chromosomes
Term
3. Budding
Definition
a. uneven binary fission
b. Mother cell is bigger than daughter cell
Term
4. Spores
Definition
a. Multiple budding
b. TOUGH COATING
c. ALL ARE HAPLOIDS CAPABLE OF BECOMING ADULTS
Term
5. Fragmentation
Definition
a. THALLUS: body of colony cells
b. Body can grow when broken off
Term
6. Schizogony
Definition
a. Multiple Mitosis
Term
b. Sexual Reproduction
Definition
fusion of haploid gametes carrying ½ of diploid genome=zygote
Term
iv. Embryo
Definition
multicellular diploid that can grow into an individual (plants/animals)
Term
v. Haploid Gametes:
Definition
half of mother and half of father
Term
vi. Diploid Zygote
Definition
mother and father chromosomes coming together
Term
vii. Spore:
Definition
always haploid
Term
7) Motility
Definition
a. Non-motile
b. Amoeboid pseudo pods =false feet
c. Flagella: tail
d. Gliding
e. Cilia: hairs
Term
TOTAL MAGNIFACATION =
Definition
= OBJECTIVE LENS X OCCULAR LENS
Term
a. Light microscope
Definition
i. HAS VISIBLE COLORS
ii. not as detailed
iii. Specimen is living
Term
b. Electron Transmission (ETM)
Definition
i. ALWAYS BLACK AND WHITE (staining is used)
iv. when electrons hit=white
v. Specimen is DEAD

ii. Electrons go through
iii. when electrons pass through=dark
Term
c. Scanning Electron (SEM)
Definition
i. 3D
ii. NO COLOR
iii. presence or absence of electrons, ELECTRONS BOUNCE OFF and computer receives the image
Term
d. What are the differences between light & electron microscopes?
Definition
i. Electron is NOT portable, requires electricity, heavy, requires training, Artifacts
ii. Light can use mirrors to reflect light, portable
Term
a. Magnification:
Definition
making things bigger
Term
b. Resolution:
Definition
Higher visual quality, ability of a lens to distinguish 2 points
Term
c. WHY ARE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IMAGES MORE CLEAR?
Definition
i. width of light can pass through
Term
Dead specimens
Definition
i. organism is dead, dried and embedded in PLASTIC
ii. MUST BE DONE WITH AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Term
b. living
Definition
i. can be seen under a light microscope
Term
1) Eukaryotic cells
Definition
MEMBRANE ENCLOSED ORGANELLES (animals, plants, fungi, protist)
Term
2) Structures common to nearly all eukaryotic cells
Definition
Cell Membrane
ytoplasm
C
a. 80 Ribosomes
Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Vesicles:
Mitochondria
Term
a. Cell Membrane
Definition
REGULATES MATERIAL FLOW
Term
a. Simple Diffusion
Definition
High concentration to low concentration
Term
b. Osmosis:
Definition
Diffusion of water (Iso, Hypo, Hyper
Term
c. Aquaporins
Definition
water channel, protein tube
Term
d. Facilitative Diffusion
Definition
solute moved by transport protein membrane
Term
e. Active Transport
Definition
Requires energy. Low concen to high concen
Term
i. pinocytosis:
Definition
cell drinking
Term
i. pinocytosis:
Definition
cell drinking
Term
ii. phagocytosis:
Definition
cell eating
Term
iii. exocytosis:
Definition
cell barfing
Term
b. Cytoplasm
Definition
inside the cell membrane and outside the nuclear membrane
Term
i. CYTOSOL:
Definition
fluid portion=GROUND SUBSTANCE for cell organelles
Term
ii. CYTOSKELETON
Definition
i. Network of protein fibers with the cytoplasm
1. PROVIDES STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION
Term
i. Free Ribosome
Definition
floating in the cytoplasm, the proteins it makes are free to go wherever within the cell.
Term
ii. Bound Ribosome
Definition
one attached to the (rough) endoplasmic reticulum, the proteins made sttay in the ER and usually get trapped in a vesicle for transport.
Term
i. Nucleus
Definition
LARGEST ORGANELLE, contains chromosomes
Term
ii. Nuclear Envelope
Definition
double membrane
1. separates chromosomes from cytoplasm
Term
iii. Nuclear Pores
Definition
Allows for transport out of nucleus
Term
iv. Nucleolus
Definition
ribosome synthesis
Term
i. Rough ER
Definition
: has ribosomes
1. makes phospholipids destined for membranes and vesicles
Term
ii. Smooth ER:
Definition
no ribosomes
Term
f. Golgi Complex
Definition
PROCESS, SORT AND SHIP OUT PROTEINS VIA VESICLES
i. Flattened complex membrane sac
ii. “MAILING ROOM”
iii. Carbs are made
Term
g. Vesicles
Definition
1. Transport
2. Secretory
3. storage
Term
g. Vesicles
Definition
1. Transport
2. Secretory
3. storage
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