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Exam 1
MIC 205
56
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
09/15/2010

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Father of modern microbiology, was convinced that bacteria were transmitted by airborne particulates, left swan neck flasks unsealed and they remained sterile (1850)(bacteria-proof filters), developed pasteurization after observing spoiled wine and deducing that spoilage was cause by bacteria in wine, developed terms aerobic and anaerobic from working on Costridium butyricidium (Butyric acid fermentation)
Definition
Pasteur
Term
Used red algae extract (agar) as a suitable solidified microbiology media, created 4 postulates:1. The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy animals, 2. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture, 3. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism, 4. The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent, 4 postulates were for proving pathogenicity, Tuberculosis was the 2nd bacterial disease known as a pathogen, Bacillus antracis contain endospores that are very resistant, first bacterial disease known as a pathogen, germ theory of disease (1876)
Definition
Koch
Term
Age and era of chemotherapy: use of chemical agents to fight disease, (1910) Agent 606: Arsenic derivative called Salvarsan that cured some clinical cases of Syphilis and was called the Magic "Bullit"
Definition
Ehrlich
Term
Purified the Tobacco Mosaic Virus that was the first virus to be purified in 1936
Definition
Stanley
Term
Characterized Tobacco Mosaic Virus as an infectious nucleoprotein in 1937
Definition
Bawden and Pirie
Term
Discovered and named the phage virus in 1915
Definition
Twort and d'Herelle
Term
Developed Sulfa drugs that would cure some bacterial cases of pneumonia in the 1930's
Definition
Domaghk
Term
Discovered Penicillim notatum which was the first antibiotic: a chemical produced by a microorganism in small or minute amounts that will kill or inhibit the growth of another microorganism in 1929
Definition
Fleming
Term
Discovered mycin drugs in 1943 by working with soil bacteria called actinomycetes, which gives soil its smell, and studied Streptomycetes griseus and Streptomycin was the first mycin drug
Definition
Waksman
Term
Noticed smallpox epidemics and noticed that milkmaids rarely contracted smallpox, cattle have cowpox that occur as sores on utters, milkmaids that developed cowpox lesions did not develop smallpox, led to the creation of the first vaccine in 1799, although it was not called a vaccine at the time
Definition
Jenner
Term
Discovered that fungi could cause disease in plants
Definition
deBary
Term
Created the Gram stain by discovering that stained bacteria would retain color (violet) or lose color (pink/red)
Definition
Gram
Term
Discovered that doctors that performed autopsies and then immediately delivered babies, were the cause of Childbed Fever: an infectious disease that killed newborns and their mothers after child birth
Definition
Semmellweiss
Term
Created the compound microscope and was the first to give a description of what bacteria looked like under the microscope
Definition
Leuwenhoek
Term
Made the connection that a virus could be transferred by studying the Tobacco Mosaic Virus. Known as the father of virology
Definition
Iwanowski
Term
Discovered Archaebacteria
Definition
Woese
Term
Discovered antiseptic surgical procedures by misting the surgery rooms with phenol in 1867
Definition
Lister
Term
In pertaining to the Gram stain, what is the purpose of crystal violet
Definition
Primary stain
Term
In pertaining to the Gram stain, what is the purpose of Gram's iodine
Definition
Mordant
Term
In pertaining to the Gram stain, what is the purpose of 95% alcohol
Definition
Decolorizer
Term
In pertaining to the Gram stain, what is the purpose of Safranin
Definition
Counter stain
Term
Pasteur realized that there was something about the older culture that made in no longer pathogenic when working with Chicken Cholera. Reduction and virulence of organisms
Definition
Attenuation
Term
Boiled and put in a container and then put in an autoclave to cause it to gel. From red algae extract as a suitable solidified microbiology media used in culture media
Definition
Agar
Term
Single organism growing alone
Definition
Pure culture
Term
Proper way to handle microorganisms to not contaminate culture, yourself, or someone else
Definition
Aseptic technique
Term
Individual thread-like filaments of a fungal body
Definition
Hyphae
Term
Mass of interwoven hyphae. Can form a hard cemented-like material over the skin of potatoes
Definition
Mycelium
Term
A toxin produced by fungi
Definition
Mycotoxin
Term
Mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus that is a carcinogenic toxin that is one of the primary causes of stomach and liver cancer
Definition
Aflatoxin
Term
Mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticilloides
Definition
Fumonisin
Term
Active feeding form of protozoa
Definition
Trophozoite
Term
Organism capable of acquiring and transmitting infectious disease
Definition
Vector
Term
Infectious virus particle
Definition
Virion
Term
Protein coat of a virus
Definition
Capsid
Term
Acellular, infectious nucleoprotein that are usually characterized with common names
Definition
Virus
Term
Diener worked with the potato spindle tuber disease and purified it, discovering small infectious RNA molecules in 1970
Definition
Viroid
Term
Phage that lyses cells and causes plaques to appear
Definition
Lytic phage
Term
Mad cow disease, infectious proteins
Definition
Prion
Term
Chemicals produced by microorganisms in small or minute amounts that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms
Definition
Antibiotic
Term
Use of chemical agents to fight disease (Ehlrich)
Definition
Chemotherapy
Term
Part of pathogenic agent that induces resistance to disease
Definition
Vaccine
Term
Multi-nucleate non-septate hyphae as seen in water and bread molds
Definition
Coenocyte
Term
Motile asexual spore that is flagellated
Definition
Zoospore
Term
Asexual spore produced by imperfect/Deuteromycete fungi. Most common asexual spore
Definition
Conidia
Term
Asexual spore produced in water and bread molds (Zygomycetes/Oomycetes)
Definition
Sporangia
Term
Kingdom Fungi, asexual zoospores produces, chytrids
Definition
Phylum Chytridiomycota
Term
Kingdom Fungi, asexual sporangium produced, sexual zygospore produced, bread molds
Definition
Phylum Zygomycota
Term
Kingdom Fungi, asexual conidia spores that are the most common asexual spores, sac fungi
Definition
Phylum Ascomycota
Term
Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, asexual conidia spores
Definition
Class Deuteromycetes (Imperfect Fungi)
Term
Kingdom Fungi, sexual basidiospores, rust and smut are atypical (sporidia spores), largest of fungi, club, bracket, puff balls, mushrooms: amanita - poisonous mushrooms, phalloides - death cap(destroys liver), muscari - reddish caps, enlarged volva (stem-like base), psilocylae - hallucinogenic mushrooms
Definition
Phylum Basidiomycota
Term
Kingdom Stramenopila, sexual oospore, asexual sporangium spore and zoospore, water molds
Definition
Phylum Oomycota
Term
Kingdom Protista, ciliate organisms
Definition
Phylum Ciliophora
Term
Kingdom Protista, Phylum Ciliophora, Paramecium with a macro and micronucleus and an oral groove
Definition
Subphylum Ciliata
Term
Kingdom Protista, Phylum Sarcomastigophora, Amoeba with pseudopodia and Entamoeba histolytica
Definition
Subphylum Sarcodina
Term
Kingdom Protista, Phylum Sarcomastigophora, all posses flagella, Trichomonas, Algae and protozoan because they have chloroplast, transitional organism
Definition
Subphylum mastigophora
Term
Kingdom Protista, Phylum Apicomplexa, produce a spore-like stage, Malaria: transmitted by a female mosquito bite in the genus Anopholes that has the ability to change quickly genetically, Plasmodium vivax: most widespread pathogen, Plasmodium falciparum: most difficult to control and most serious form of malaria-causing pathogen, Plasmodium ovale
Definition
Class Sporozoa
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