It is bordered by the latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and rhomboid major (on the back). 

Important for listening to sounds of the lungs.

Long thoracic nerve

Lateral thoracic artery

What is another name for dorsal rami of the spinal nerve C1?

C2?

C1 = Suboccipital nerve

C2 = Greater occipital nerve

(SITS)

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

Vertebral artery

Suboccipital nerve

Artery goes over the ligament

Nerve goes under the ligament

(Army over Navy)

Adduction

Medial rotation

Extension

Cephalic vein -> Axillary vein

Basilic vein -> brachial vein

Axillary artery

Axillary vein

Lateral cord

Medial cord

Posterior cord

Lateral cord -> Musculocutaneous and median n.

Medial cord -> Median and Ulnar n.

Posterior cord -> Radial and axillary n.

1st part -superior thoracic

2nd part - thoracoacromial

lateral thoracic

3rd part - subscapular

Ant. Circ. Hum. a

Post. Circ. Hum. a

(Sixties Teens Love Sex And Pot)

Which artery accompanies the...

1. thoracodorsal n

2. long thoracic n

3. lateral pectoral n

1. thoracodorsal a

2. lateral thoracic a

3. pectoral branch of thoracoacromial

(Brachial artery)

Splits at cubital fossa

Branches = Radial and ulnar a.

radial n. and deep artery of the arm

(aka profunda brachii a.)

Teres minor - axillary n

Subscapularis - upper and lower subscapular n

1.       Name the muscle in the flexor compartment that has dual innervations.   What are the two nerves and what are their origins?

a.       Flexor digitorum profundus – innervated by median and ulnar nerves

b.      Median – lateral and medial; ulnar – medial

a.       Median nerve

b.      4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis

c.       4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

d.      Tendon of flexor pollicis longus

 What are the borders of the anatomical snuff box?

Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus tendons

What and where are the areas of innervation for the following nerves:

a. Anterior interosseous

b. Posterior interosseous

a.       Anterior interosseous – arises from the median nerve and innervates flexor muscles of forearm

b.      Posterior interosseous – arises from the radial nerve and innercates extensor muscles of forearm

What muscles....

a. Abduct the hand?

b. Supinate the forearm?

c. Flex the fingers in the distal IP joints?

a.       Abduct the hand? – radial extensors and flexors

b.      Supinate the forearm? – biceps brachii and supinator

c.       Flex the fingers in the distal IP joints? – flexor digitorum profundus 

"The Fox"

-transverse foramen (vertebral a)

-bifid spinous process

-small, rectangular body

-triangular vertebral foramen

Atlas - no body, post and ant arch, no spinous process

Axis - odontoid process (dens)

"The Giraffe"

-costal facets on body and transverse process

-long, downward spinous body

-small, circular vertebral foramen

-heart shaped body

"The Moose"

-short, wide spinous process

-long, thin transverse processes

-large, kidney shaped body

-short, strong pedicle

-triangular vertebral foramen

Canal that is continuous with vertebral cana

Made up of fused sacral vertebra
Contains: cauda equina and filum terminale 

Primary - thoracic and sacral

Secondary - cervical and lumbar

What is kyphosis?

Lordosis?

Scoliosis?

Kyphosis - exagerated thoracic curve

Lordosis- exagerated lumbar curve

Scoliosis - abnormal lateral curvature in thoracic or lumbar region

What are the two parts of the IV discs?

What is their function? 

Where is the only place there is no IV disc?

Nucleus  pulposis and annulus fibrosis;

Absorbs shock, accounts for 25% length, limits rotation.

Between C1 and C2

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament? 

Function of the ligamentum flavum?

Prevents Hyperextension

Preserves normal curvature and assists with straightening after flexing

Atlanto-occipital joint aka "Yes" joint

Atlanto-axial joint aka "No" joint

What are the superficial back muscles?

Intermediate back muscles?

Innervation?

Trapezius (accessory), Lats (thoracodorsal), Rhomboids (dorsal scapular), and levator scapulae (dorsal scapular)

Serratus posterior superior and inferior (intercostal n)

What are the borders of the suboccipital triangle?

What are the contents?

Borders: rectus capitis major, superior oblique, and inferior oblique.

Contains: vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve

31

Between L1/L2

what is the filum terminale internum?

Filum terminale externum?

Extension of pia mater

Extension of dura mater

Roots have ONLY sensory or motor

Rami have MIXED sensory and motor

Where is the epidural space?

Subdural space?

Subarachnoid space?

Between bone and dura mater (above dura mater)

-Real space

Between dura mater and arachnoid (Below dura mater)

-Potential space

Between arachnoid and pia mater (below arachnoid mater)

-Real space with CSF

Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus - suprascapular n

Teres minor - axillary n

Subscapularis - upper and lower subscapular nn.

What muscles form the anterior axillary fold?

The posterior axillary fold?

Pectoralis major

Lats dorsi and teres major

-axillary artery and branches

-axillary vein and tributaries

-brachial plexus

-axillary lymph vessels and nodes

-biceps brachii and coracobrachialis

What arteries form the scapular loop?

The humeral loop?

Suprascrapular, dorsal scapular, circumflex scapular a.

Ant and Post Circumflex humeral aa., Profundus brachii a. 

-lateral cord

-biceps, coracobrachialis, brachialis

-lateral and medial cord

-anterior group of forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris, medial half of flexor digitorum profundus), thenar muscles, and first 2 lumbricals)

-medial cord

-flexor carpi ulnaris, medial half of flexor digitorum profundum, small muscles of hand (except thenar and first 2 lumbricals)

-posterior cord

-deltoid and teres minor

-posterior cord

-posterior group of arm and forearm

1.cephalic vein and deltoid branch of thoracoacromial

2. axillary nerve and posterior circ. hum. a. and v.

3. deep brachial a and radial n

Nucleus - collection of neuron cell bodies with in CNS

Ganglion - collection of neuron cell bodies outside CNS

12 cranial nerves

31 spinal nerves

GSA - pain, temp, touch, pressure and kinesthesia from body to CNS

GSE - motor impulses to sk. muscles of body from CNS

GVA - convey sensory impulses from BVs, walls of guts, mucous membranes, and glands

GVE - autonomic nerves, motor impulses to sm. muscles, c. muscles, and glands

1. extensor carpi radialis brevis

2. extensor digitorum

3. extensor digiti minimi

4. extensor carpi ulnaris

3 

adducts (3 PAD)

deep branch of ulnar n

4

abducts (4DAB)

deep branch of ulnar n

(thenar muscles)

-Abductor pollicis brevis

-Flexor pollicis brevis

-Opponens pollicis

Anterior intercostal branches of the internal thoracic artery

superior epigastric artery 

musculophrenic artery

The region between the two pleural cavities. 

Contents: heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and other structures that pass to or from the head and neck

1. pulmonary artery

2. bronchial artery

3. main bronchus

4. bronchpulmonary lymph nodes

5. superior pulmonary veins

6. inferior pulmonary veins

  *articular cartilage (hyaline) covering the bone ends (avascular/aneural)
*joint cavity (potential space) with small amount of synovial fluid
*articular/joint capsule
            -inner synovial membrane (produces fluid for lubrication)
            -outer fibrous membrane (highly innervated)

    Fibrous:
            - sutures (found in the skull)
            -syndesmoses (interosseus membrane between radius & ulna)
            -gomphoses (teeth, involves periodontal ligaments)
Cartilaginous:
            -synchondroses (epiphyseal plate, joint between 1^st rib & sternum)
            -symphyses (IV discs, pubic symphysis)

   Same as the muscles that cross and move the joint, most arteries form collateral circulation around the joints