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Definition
| highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical form; a nerve cell |
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| support cells that assist neurons by providing structural support, nutrition, and removal of cell wastes; manufacture myelin. |
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| type of neuron that conveys information to the brain from specialized receptor cells in sense organs and internal organs. |
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| type of neuron that signals muscles to relax or contract. |
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| type of neuron that communicates information from one neuron to the next |
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| processes nutrients and provides energy for the neuron to function; contains the cell's nucleus; also called the soma |
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| multiple short fibers that extend from the neurons cell body and receive information from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells. |
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| the long, fluid filled tube that carries a neurons messages to other body areas. |
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| a white, fatty covering wrapped around the axons of some neurons that increases their communication speed. |
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| a brief electrical impulse by which information is transmitted along the axon of a neuron |
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| the minimum level of stimulation required to activate a particular neuron. |
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| state in which a neuron is prepared to activate a particular neuron |
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| localization of function, the idea that particular areas of the human brain are associated with particular functions |
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| located in teh lower frontal lobe. Invovled in the production of speech |
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Definition
| found in the temporal lobe, is important in the comprehension of written or spoken language. |
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| the partial or complete inabiclity to articulate ideas or understand spoken or written language because of brain injury or damage. |
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| lateralization of function |
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Definition
| the notion that one hemisphere exerts more control over or is more involved int he processing of a particular psychological function |
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| Split Brain Operation (73) |
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Definition
| Roger Sperry used this technique |
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Term
| Left-Hemisphere Dominance (74) |
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Definition
| words letters; language sounds; verbal memory; speech grammar rules reading writing arithmetic |
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| Right-Hemisphere Dominance (74) |
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Definition
| Geometric patterns faces emotional expression; non language sounds music; nonverbal memory; emotional tone of speech; geometry sense of direction distance mental rotation of shapes. |
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| the brain's ability to shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain areas |
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Definition
| the brain's abilit to physically change its structure in response to learning, active practice, or environmental stimulation. |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| the other major divisions of your nervous system |
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| (PNS) Somatic Nervous System |
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Definition
| Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system taht commmunicates sensory information to the central nervous system and carries motor messages from teh central nervous system to the muscles. |
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| (PNS) Autonomic Nervous System |
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Definition
| subdivision of the PNS that regulates involuntary functions. (heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing, and digestion) |
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| (PNS) Sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| branch of the autonomic nervous system that produces rapid physical arousal in response to perceived emergencies or threats. (when frightened: breathe heavy, heart beats fast, etc.) |
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| (PNS) Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| branch of the autonomic nervous system that maintains normal bodily functions and conserves the body's physical resources. (calms you down after an emergency: heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure level out) |
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| Positron emission Tomography (PET scam); (60) |
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Definition
| an invasive imaging technique that provides color coded images of brain activity by tracking the brain's use of a radioactively tagged compound, such as glucose, oxygen, or a drug. |
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| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); (60) |
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Definition
| a noninvasive imaging technique that produces highly detailed images of the brain using electromagnetic signals generated by the brain in response to magnetic fields. |
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| Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); (60) |
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Definition
| a noninvasive imaging technique that uses magnetic fields to map brain activity by measuring changes in the brain's blood flow and oxygen levels. |
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Definition
| the study of the neural basis of cognitive process that integrates contributions from psychology, neruosceince, and computer science. |
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| the largest lobe of each cerebral hemisphere; processes voluntary muscle movements and is involved in thinking, planning, and emotional control. |
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| an area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex located above the temporal lobe that processes somatic sensations. (top middle) |
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| an area at the back of each cerebral hemisphere that is the primary receiving area for visual information (back) |
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| an area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information. (bottom middle) |
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| uppermost and largest brain region composed of several structures;the most prominent being the cerebral cortex |
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| divided into two hemispheres and responsible for sophisticated mental functions |
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| thick band of axons connecting the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex |
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| middle region of brain; invovled in processing visual and auditory information |
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Definition
| region at base of brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord |
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| Forebrain, Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Callosum, Hindbrain, Midbrain, Pons, Cerebellum, Reticular Information, Medulla (63) |
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Definition
| Forebrain, Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Callosum, Hindbrain, Midbrain, Pons, Cerebellum, Reticular Information, Medulla (63) |
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