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| Built as a tomb for Khufu while he was in power in egypt, 2,500 BC. Largest pyramid at Gyza. Important religiously because the four corners were the four cardinal directions. Shows advanced engineering skills, last pyramid built. Shows elements of religious beliefs of afterlife because they built it while he was still alive. Shows their view of Pharos as god's because of their extreme dedication to put that much effort into the pyramid. Shows some kind of overseer over the project, required coordination and organization |
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| Flitn-knappers created the hand-axe. Earliest form of preconcieved tools where they actually shaped the tool and knew what they could do with it. Had a plan for it when creating it. Created half a million years ago (500,000). Made by homo habilis. Shaped it a certain way i.e. more pointy with a certain flint or rounded with a different type also depended on the job they wanted to get done. |
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| 5th Century BC. Used optical refinement, which is a curvuture of columns (entasis) and base (stylobate) to give the illusion of perfection. Used Marble and timber. Pin and hole technique to keep pieces together, so precise the wood never rotted or was destroyed; stayed fresh. All the pieces were non-interchangeable; each so unique it only fit into one spot. Periclese made it. Became a religious temple and the pride of Athens, gave people a sense of protection and used as a military stronghold |
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| Political boss who instituted change that lead to Athenian downfall. Under him saw a cultural explosion of art philosophy and engineering. Ruled during 5th Century BC. Built the Parthenon, stole money from Greece for projects in Athens. Built the Parthenon and the Long Walls with this money. Athens became overpopulated because the poor moved into Athens, and slavary became very popular. Started to except bribes and corruted the democracy; leading to the downfall of Athens. |
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| 3rd Century BC, came from Syracuse. Studied Alexandria and worked on practical statistics: levers and pullies. Helped develop catapults and make them more efficient. Invented the Archimedean screw, which one would turn and the screw would pull water out of a river or lake, and empty into a tank. Now is better known as a scientist, not an inventor. Discoverd water displacement measured volume. Was a military engineer in Syracuse. |
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| Rope made out of animal sinew: 4th century in Greece, under Philip of Macedonia. Invented by Vitruvius. Used in the catapults to create tension/torque in order to make the catapult more efficient and consistent. One could pull the lever back to a certain spot, and it would shoot the same place every time. Added to the velocity and distance traveled of the object because the added tension. Replaced the flexible bow, previously made out of wood. Could fire larger objects |
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| Citizen soldiers, started during 7th century after the Dorian invasion. Marched together as one unit. Used the Phalanx formation. Unpaid and added to the rise of Athens. Athens could create a large army whenever they needed to, showed a large dedication to Athens. Gave Athens an advantage because they had a continuous supply of soldiers. |
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| 2,000 BC, developed during the time of the Minoans of Crete. System where two fields were next to eachother. during planting season only one was used while the other stayed unfirtle to give it time to regain its firtility. Increased the life of the soil at the expense of efficiency. Only half the land was used during planting season. Allowed the spread of civilization away from river valleys, lead to city states to form. |
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| Designed by Ctesibius, the father of numatics. Built in Alexandria under Ptolemy's rule during the 3rd century. Became most efficient way of telling time for the next 2,000 years. Showed an advance use of engineering with water and gears. |
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| One of the first fortified cities from 8,000-9,000. Engaged in small warfare and raiding. Shows the shift from nomadic hunter gatherers to settling into city states. Agriculture shows up in a large populated area. |
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| Alphabet written by the Phoenicians during the 11th century BC. A singal sound to each symbol. Read from right to left instead of left to right. Became the predecessor of the modern alphabet. 22 letters instead of 26. Found on a tomb. |
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| Strived during the New Kingdom under the 18th dynasty. Enclosed city in Egypt that had a specific social structure. Consisting of scribes (literate group), overseers, workers. Workers had more power because they had the ability to manipulate the system by going on strike from building the tombs in the valley of the kings. Used a system of specialization created more technological advancement and a divison of labor. |
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