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| VP - Became pres after Lincoln assassination. Southern Dem. Fought with Congress over issues of Reconstruction and new amendments. Pardoned higher ups in Southern politics, something Lincoln didn't want. Supporter of state's rights, not fed govt. Defied Congress every way he could. |
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Election of 1876 has no clear winner
Rep Hayes won popular vote, Dem Tilden won the electoral votes. Neither person had enough votes in the electoral college so it had to go to the congress. Dem don’t dispute Rep victory in exchange for removal of final federal troops from South, then reconstruction is officially over |
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| organized to help newly freed slaves and whites. Distributed food and clothing. Biggest success was in starting schools. |
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| defines citizenship – states have to accept laws from other states (i.e. marriage, driver’s license, etc) – can’t take away someone’s rights wo due process – can reduce representation in congress if the state doesn’t follow the law – First place of the word MALE in the constitution |
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| right to vote - for blacks, not women |
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| 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment. |
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Part of "assimilation" plan towards NA. In order to break up reservations, give families ownership – 160 acres
Ownership by Natives from 138 million acres to 48 million acres. Sell the “extra” as govt surplus |
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| promises 160 acres free to any citizen who settled on the land in the west |
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| Lt Colonol led battle against NA (led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse) where they were decimated. |
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| d. Custer’s “Last Stand” at the Battle of Little Big Horn one of the most famous – Sioux Wars. Came upon a band of natives and went in to take them over, didn’t realize how many were there and basically all Americans died. Sitting Bull was at the battle, captured |
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| Sioux Chief - refused to sign the Treaty of Fort Laramie. |
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| Cultural rather than military resistance – a dance until enter a trance like condition, would make you safe from bullets. Multi tribal |
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| 1. Came upon a big group practicing this dance, mostly women and children – when the troops showed up, they surrendered but the troops killed them all. |
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| Famous Historian gave speech at Columbian Exposition called: The Significance of the Frontier in America History (1893). 4. Spoke about the closing of the American Frontier, no longer able to move west, gone as far as possible. |
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| Long term results of Reconstruction |
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| Govt has authority and responsibility to protect citizen’s rights. – people’s expectations of govt change, citizens really look to the state to provide things and protect their rights other than the previous feeling that states needed to protect themselves from the govt. |
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| series of laws across the south - sought to keep ex-slaves subordinate to whites by subjecting them to every sort of discrimination. Could not vote, illegal to own gun, illegal to insult or use foul language, could not be on a jury |
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| another term for segregation laws |
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| Separate but equal – okay to have separate facilities for blacks, women, minorities. What the south uses for the next 60 years to justify its behavior. |
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| Editor of Atlanta Constitution. Pushed for the South to industrialize. exhorted the South to use it's advantages - cheap labor and natural resources to compete with northern industry. |
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| compromise between ex-slaves and ex-masters. Ex-slaves rent land divided up by the property owner, paying w a share of each year's crop. Still kept blacks dependent upon white landlords, but gave them more freedom to choose when and how they would work |
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| idea that wealth garnered from earthly success should be used for good works. Carnegie promoted this view - maintained that the wealthy should serve as stewards and act in the best interests of society as a whole |
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| US Steel (Andrew Carnegie) tried to control production from the ground to the sky, everything to do with steel production he tried to control, by controlling every element he could control his price, under sell all his business competitions til he was the only one |
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| Standard Oil (John D Rockefeller) bought up competition so he was the only one left - monopoly under the guise of a "trust" |
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| black woman who launched an anti-lynching movement. Brought the issue of lynching to national prominence. |
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| Coined by Mark Twain in 1874 - v. On the surface American prosperity looks dazzling, but it’s mostly an illusion. Peal away the gild and you will see the starving, mistreated, masses. vi. An era dedicated to big business that dominated more so than politics |
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| A former slave - emphasized education and economic progress for his race |
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| At the time, no social services offered by govt. ii. Some companies offer benefits to try and create binds to laborers w/o unions: provide housing, schools, some medical care |
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| photographer that photographed the poor - "How the other half lives" |
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| President of the Women's Christian Temperance Movement - also fought for equal rights for women |
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| reform movement to end drunkenness by urging people to abstain from consumption of alcohol. |
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| settlement house established by Jane Addams to offer assistance to the poor and immigrants in Chicago. he expanded Hull House complex provided space for the settlement's extensive social, educational, and artistic programs. |
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| Limited Chinese immigration. Essentially no Chinese women came over, eventually quotas imposed on the amount that could immigrate. |
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| open to all races and gender. First mass org of America's working class. |
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| American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
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| coordinated activities of craft unions through the US - org skilled workers such as machinists and engineers to use strikes to gain better working conditions. Had better bargaining position because harder to replace |
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| organized American Railway Union - focused on ALL workers, not just the skilled ones. |
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| Pullman Builds train cars - Controlled that segment of the industry, workers linked and unlinked cars as they pulled into station... Pullman kept reducing wages, but at the same time kept the rent very high. Workers eventually went on strike. President sent in troops using the excuse that the delivery of mail couldn’t be interrupted |
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| 1. Labor rally in Chicago. Someone threw a bomb. Police opened fire on crowd. Police and press blamed unions for the death |
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a. Farmers political party—Populists
Farmers join together to solve common problems: Unfair pricing by railroads and storage facilities, Overproduction (falling prices), Credit problems, Tariffs. d. Most Populist states were newer western states: ID, NV, ND, SD, WY, CO, KS, and AL (the odd one out) |
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| Most famous Populist politician - ran for pres 3 times. b. Key complaint is monetary policy – gold standard- doesn’t help farmers who don’t really have access to gold |
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forced to abdicate in 1893 - American marines help America planters take control, essentially set up a coup to unseat Queen Liliuokalani
2. Govt did not necessarily take control of Hawaii initially but happy to offer their military to help the coup |
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| helped fan sympathies for Cuban natives and fuel Americans outrage towards Spain. Pandered to the public's desire for sensationalism |
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| 1. Became the equivalent of “Pearl Harbor”, became rallying cry why we should get involved to help Cuba. Ends up leading to a declaration of war. Spanish claim they had nothing to do with the explosion – Americans didn’t believe them. Really was an accident – boiler explosion. Useful tool as excuse to go to war |
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| b. Rough Riders a voluntary cavalry unit that Teddy Roosevelt puts together – battle at San Juan Hill, only land battle of the war. Brings T.R. to national recognition |
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| policy to gain access to Chinese markets while avoiding the problems of maintaining a far-flung colonial empire on the Asian mainland. |
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