Term
| Major functions of the skin |
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Definition
| protection, hydroregulation, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, sensory, can hold 5% of blood in the body |
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Term
| Temp regulation by the skin |
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Definition
| Production of sweat by sweat glands--glands derived from epidermis, are Innervated |
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Term
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Definition
| Urea is excreted in sweat |
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Term
| Skin as a major source of Vitamin D |
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Definition
| A substance present in epithelial cells of skin is converted to Vitamin D by the action of sunlight |
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Term
| Skin is composed of 2 layers: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| straitified squamous epithelium--keratinized |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue--special type: sorta loose areolar |
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Term
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Definition
| adipose connective tissue, not part of the true skin, just deep to the dermis and epidermis; function: insulation |
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Term
| All appendages of the skin--hair, nails, glands--are derived from the _______? |
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Definition
| Epidermal component of the skin--epithelium is capable of mitotic activity |
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Term
| layers of the skin (epithelium and connective) |
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Definition
epithelium: epidermis
connective: dermis |
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Term
| Layers of the epidermis (we need to know 2 of 5) |
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Definition
Stratum basale: basal layer--think mitosis
Stratum corneum: keratinized superficial layer, dead cells, |
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Term
| Two major cells of the stratum basale layer |
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Definition
1. keratinocytes: proliferating cells, mitotically active, aka "stem cells", produce keratin
2. melanocytes: produce melanin |
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Term
| Where do cells of the skin become keratinized? |
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Definition
| As they move from basal layer to the surface, they become keratinized in the intermediate layers |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein, bacteriostatic, water-repellant |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents UV radiation from reaching the cells of the basal layer; the pigment associated with skin color |
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Term
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Definition
| cancer of the melanocytes |
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Term
| Cell types of the epidermis |
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Definition
| keratinocytes, melanocytes (think umbrella), langerhans/Dendritic, merkel cells (sensory) |
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Term
| langerhans/Dendritic cells |
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Definition
| function as macrophages, another line of defense, located in the stratum spinosum (next to stratum basale) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Papillary layer--the superficial layer(25% thickness)
2. Reticular layer--deep layer (75% thickness); collagen fibers are highly organized along lines of force |
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Term
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Definition
| contains all cell and fiber types; blood vessels and nerves travel through dermis to reach epidermis; roots of hair, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands "grow" in the dermis; "leather"; holds about 5% of the total blood volume |
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Term
| Why are the opposing layers of the epidermis and dermis folded/convoluted? |
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Definition
| To increase SA, help them stick together |
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Term
| Significance of the dermis being able to accommodate 5% of body blood supply? |
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Definition
| In case of sever bleeding, can take blood from the skin |
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Term
| Langer's lines (lines of tension): how are they determined? |
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Definition
| By the orientation and density of the collagen fibers in the reticular layer of the dermis. Where possible, it is reasonable to make incisions parallel to these lines to prevent "gaping" wounds and contribute to better healing |
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Term
| Hypodermis/Subcutaneous connective tissue |
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Definition
| Fat! aka superficial fascia |
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Term
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Definition
| fine, unpigmented hair, function: thermal insulation for the body |
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Term
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Definition
| longer, coarser, and pigmented |
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Term
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Definition
| "goose bumps"; a bundle of sm muscle cells associated with hair follicle, responsible for erection of hair, stimulated by symp nervous sys |
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Term
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Definition
| A holocrine gland that is usually associated with a hair follicle and produces an oily secretion: sebum |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized sweat glands that produce earwax |
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Term
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Definition
| involve only the epidermis |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the epidermis and part of the dermis |
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Term
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Definition
| extend through entire dermis and often involving even deeper tissue |
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Term
| Why does your hair fall out during chemotherapy? |
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Definition
| stopping cells from dividing |
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Term
| Three common skin cancers |
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Definition
1) Basal cell carcinoma: most common type, least dangerous, stratum basal cells involved
2) Squamous cell carcinoma: arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum
3) Malignant melanoma: most deadly type, melanocyces |
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Term
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Definition
| Assymetry, Border irregularity, Color, Diameter greater than 6 mm |
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