Section of DNA which provides information on how and when a protein should be made.

Adenine-Thymine

Cytosine-Guanine

Gene Expresion: immediate/overall environment, timing.

Dominant, recessve, incomplete dominance.

Most behaviours/traits are polygenic- ensures variation

-PROXIMATE: influences within an organism's lifetime that led to a particular trait/behaviour.

-ULTIMATE: reason why particular trait/behaviour helps members of a population to survive.

NATURAL: greater likelihood of successful reproduction for organisms whose attributes are advantageous in a given environment.

SEXUAL: reproductive advantage- mate selection/fertility.

*Can be features that have no direct survival advantage eg. attractiveness

Competition (intra-species) for access to opposite sex.

*Massive risk for survival but worth it- if you win, genes will be passed on.

I. Variation among individuals.

II. Specific variations which lead to higher reproductive success.

III. Means of passing on successful variation down generations.

Evolution favours flexible behaviours because environment changes.

Niche construction: organisms alter their environment through their behaviour.

Different costs in reproduction between sexes.

Sex with higher costs will be more picky.

Social norm of reciprocity.

Males showing off to females?

INDIRECT RECIPROCAL ALTRUISM: help someone help someone else- hope of help in the future if in same/bad situtation.