Explain what divergence hitchhiking is.

When divergently selected loci act as nuclei for increased differentiation at neutral sites.

   Describe the potential differences in the genetic architecture of speciation in sympatric versus allopatric speciation. 

In sympatry, ongoing gene flow can homogenize most of the genome, resulting in genetic divergence at only a few loci experiencing strong divergent selection.

*genetic variation is due to very important speciation genes

In allopatry, speciation does not require strong divergent selection at a small number of loci, and a larger portion of the genome may diverge through a combination of divergent selection, differential response to similar selective pressures, and genetic drift.

*many neutral variations because there is little gene flow

   Describe how admixture could skew the results of a genome scan.

*Recent admixture can yield large islands of divergence that might be misinterpreted as evidence of divergence hitchhiking.

  What are low Fst markers and how could these be indicators of adaptive divergence. 

  What the difference between a soft and hard selective sweep and why might that matter. 

In soft selective sweeps, there is less likelihood of divergence hitchhiking because linkage isn’t as strong. A hard selective sweep is when a new variant is swept rapidly to fixation.